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Multiple Exposures Enhance Both Item Memory and Contextual Memory Over Time

Repetition learning is an efficient way to enhance memory performance in our daily lives and educational practice. However, it is unclear to what extent repetition or multiple exposures modulate different types of memory over time. The inconsistent findings on it may be associated with encoding stra...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Chen, Haoyu, Yang, Jiongjiong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7735988/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33335496
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565169
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author Chen, Haoyu
Yang, Jiongjiong
author_facet Chen, Haoyu
Yang, Jiongjiong
author_sort Chen, Haoyu
collection PubMed
description Repetition learning is an efficient way to enhance memory performance in our daily lives and educational practice. However, it is unclear to what extent repetition or multiple exposures modulate different types of memory over time. The inconsistent findings on it may be associated with encoding strategy. In this study, participants were presented with pairs of pictures (same, similar, and different) once (see section “Experiment 1”) or three times (see section “Experiment 2”) and were asked to make a same/similar/different judgment. By this, an elaborative encoding is more required for the “same” and “similar” conditions than the “different” condition. Then after intervals of 10 min, 1 day, and 1 week, they were asked to perform a recognition test to discriminate a repeated and a similar picture, followed by a remember/know/guess assessment and a contextual judgment. The results showed that after learning the objects three times, both item memory and contextual memory improved. Multiple exposures enhanced the hit rate for the “same” and “similar” conditions, but did not change the false alarm rate significantly. The recollection, rather than the familiarity, contributed to the repetition effect. In addition, the memory enhancement was manifested in each encoding condition and retention interval, especially for the “same” condition and at 10-min and 1-day intervals. These results clarify how repetition influences item and contextual memories during discriminative learning and suggest that multiple exposures render the details more vividly remembered and retained over time when elaborative encoding is emphasized.
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spelling pubmed-77359882020-12-16 Multiple Exposures Enhance Both Item Memory and Contextual Memory Over Time Chen, Haoyu Yang, Jiongjiong Front Psychol Psychology Repetition learning is an efficient way to enhance memory performance in our daily lives and educational practice. However, it is unclear to what extent repetition or multiple exposures modulate different types of memory over time. The inconsistent findings on it may be associated with encoding strategy. In this study, participants were presented with pairs of pictures (same, similar, and different) once (see section “Experiment 1”) or three times (see section “Experiment 2”) and were asked to make a same/similar/different judgment. By this, an elaborative encoding is more required for the “same” and “similar” conditions than the “different” condition. Then after intervals of 10 min, 1 day, and 1 week, they were asked to perform a recognition test to discriminate a repeated and a similar picture, followed by a remember/know/guess assessment and a contextual judgment. The results showed that after learning the objects three times, both item memory and contextual memory improved. Multiple exposures enhanced the hit rate for the “same” and “similar” conditions, but did not change the false alarm rate significantly. The recollection, rather than the familiarity, contributed to the repetition effect. In addition, the memory enhancement was manifested in each encoding condition and retention interval, especially for the “same” condition and at 10-min and 1-day intervals. These results clarify how repetition influences item and contextual memories during discriminative learning and suggest that multiple exposures render the details more vividly remembered and retained over time when elaborative encoding is emphasized. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7735988/ /pubmed/33335496 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565169 Text en Copyright © 2020 Chen and Yang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Chen, Haoyu
Yang, Jiongjiong
Multiple Exposures Enhance Both Item Memory and Contextual Memory Over Time
title Multiple Exposures Enhance Both Item Memory and Contextual Memory Over Time
title_full Multiple Exposures Enhance Both Item Memory and Contextual Memory Over Time
title_fullStr Multiple Exposures Enhance Both Item Memory and Contextual Memory Over Time
title_full_unstemmed Multiple Exposures Enhance Both Item Memory and Contextual Memory Over Time
title_short Multiple Exposures Enhance Both Item Memory and Contextual Memory Over Time
title_sort multiple exposures enhance both item memory and contextual memory over time
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7735988/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33335496
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565169
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