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Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a worldwide zoonosis that affects many species of domestic and wild animals. Mycobaterium bovis is the main cause of infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and bovines and is of great concern for human health and for buffalo producers in Italy. The bTB eradication...

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Autores principales: Martucciello, Alessandra, Vitale, Nicoletta, Mazzone, Piera, Dondo, Alessandro, Archetti, Ivonne, Chiavacci, Laura, Cerrone, Anna, Gamberale, Fabrizio, Schiavo, Lorena, Pacciarini, Maria Lodovica, Boniotti, Maria Beatrice, De Carlo, Esterina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7736034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33335916
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.563792
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author Martucciello, Alessandra
Vitale, Nicoletta
Mazzone, Piera
Dondo, Alessandro
Archetti, Ivonne
Chiavacci, Laura
Cerrone, Anna
Gamberale, Fabrizio
Schiavo, Lorena
Pacciarini, Maria Lodovica
Boniotti, Maria Beatrice
De Carlo, Esterina
author_facet Martucciello, Alessandra
Vitale, Nicoletta
Mazzone, Piera
Dondo, Alessandro
Archetti, Ivonne
Chiavacci, Laura
Cerrone, Anna
Gamberale, Fabrizio
Schiavo, Lorena
Pacciarini, Maria Lodovica
Boniotti, Maria Beatrice
De Carlo, Esterina
author_sort Martucciello, Alessandra
collection PubMed
description Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a worldwide zoonosis that affects many species of domestic and wild animals. Mycobaterium bovis is the main cause of infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and bovines and is of great concern for human health and for buffalo producers in Italy. The bTB eradication programme is based on slaughterhouse surveillance and intradermal skin tests. Other in vivo diagnostic methods such as the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay have been developed and are widely used in cattle to accelerate the elimination of bTB positive animals. The present study is the first to assess the use and performance of IFN-γ assays, which is used as an ancillary test for bTB diagnosis in water buffalo, and presents the results of a field-evaluation of the assay from 2012 to 2019 during the buffalo bTB eradication programme in Italy. The study involved 489 buffaloes with a positive result to the single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT). The IFN-γ assays and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test were used as confirmation tests. Then, a total of 458 buffaloes, reared on officially tuberculosis-free (OTF) herds, that were confirmed bTB-free for at least the last 6 years were subjected to IFN-γ testing. Furthermore, to evaluate the IFN-γ test in an OTF herd with Paratuberculosis (PTB) infection, 103 buffaloes were subjected to SITT and IFN-γ test simultaneously. Four interpretative criteria were used, and the IFN-γ test showed high levels of accuracy, with sensitivity levels between 75.3% (CI 95% 71.2–79.0%) and 98.4% (CI 95% 96.7–99.4%) and specificity levels between 94.3% (CI 95% 91.2–96.50%) and 98.5% (CI 95% 96.9–99.4%), depending on the criterion used. Finally, in the OTF herd with PTB infection, in buffalo, the IFN-γ test displayed high specificity values according to all 4 interpretative criteria, with specificity levels between 96.7% (CI 95% 88.4–99.5%) and 100% (CI 95% 96.2–100%), while SITT specificity proved unsatisfactory, with a level of 45.3% (CI 95% 35.0–55.7%). Our results showed that the IFN-γ test in the buffalo species could reach high Sensitivity and Specificity values, and that the level of Sensitivity and Specificity could be chosen based on the interpretative criterion and the antigens used depending on the health status of the herd and the epidemiological context of the territory. The IFN-γ test and the use of different interpretative criteria proved to be useful to implement bTB diagnostic strategies in buffalo herds, with the possibility of a flexible use of the assay.
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spelling pubmed-77360342020-12-16 Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria Martucciello, Alessandra Vitale, Nicoletta Mazzone, Piera Dondo, Alessandro Archetti, Ivonne Chiavacci, Laura Cerrone, Anna Gamberale, Fabrizio Schiavo, Lorena Pacciarini, Maria Lodovica Boniotti, Maria Beatrice De Carlo, Esterina Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a worldwide zoonosis that affects many species of domestic and wild animals. Mycobaterium bovis is the main cause of infection in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and bovines and is of great concern for human health and for buffalo producers in Italy. The bTB eradication programme is based on slaughterhouse surveillance and intradermal skin tests. Other in vivo diagnostic methods such as the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay have been developed and are widely used in cattle to accelerate the elimination of bTB positive animals. The present study is the first to assess the use and performance of IFN-γ assays, which is used as an ancillary test for bTB diagnosis in water buffalo, and presents the results of a field-evaluation of the assay from 2012 to 2019 during the buffalo bTB eradication programme in Italy. The study involved 489 buffaloes with a positive result to the single intradermal tuberculin test (SITT). The IFN-γ assays and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test were used as confirmation tests. Then, a total of 458 buffaloes, reared on officially tuberculosis-free (OTF) herds, that were confirmed bTB-free for at least the last 6 years were subjected to IFN-γ testing. Furthermore, to evaluate the IFN-γ test in an OTF herd with Paratuberculosis (PTB) infection, 103 buffaloes were subjected to SITT and IFN-γ test simultaneously. Four interpretative criteria were used, and the IFN-γ test showed high levels of accuracy, with sensitivity levels between 75.3% (CI 95% 71.2–79.0%) and 98.4% (CI 95% 96.7–99.4%) and specificity levels between 94.3% (CI 95% 91.2–96.50%) and 98.5% (CI 95% 96.9–99.4%), depending on the criterion used. Finally, in the OTF herd with PTB infection, in buffalo, the IFN-γ test displayed high specificity values according to all 4 interpretative criteria, with specificity levels between 96.7% (CI 95% 88.4–99.5%) and 100% (CI 95% 96.2–100%), while SITT specificity proved unsatisfactory, with a level of 45.3% (CI 95% 35.0–55.7%). Our results showed that the IFN-γ test in the buffalo species could reach high Sensitivity and Specificity values, and that the level of Sensitivity and Specificity could be chosen based on the interpretative criterion and the antigens used depending on the health status of the herd and the epidemiological context of the territory. The IFN-γ test and the use of different interpretative criteria proved to be useful to implement bTB diagnostic strategies in buffalo herds, with the possibility of a flexible use of the assay. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7736034/ /pubmed/33335916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.563792 Text en Copyright © 2020 Martucciello, Vitale, Mazzone, Dondo, Archetti, Chiavacci, Cerrone, Gamberale, Schiavo, Pacciarini, Boniotti and De Carlo. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Martucciello, Alessandra
Vitale, Nicoletta
Mazzone, Piera
Dondo, Alessandro
Archetti, Ivonne
Chiavacci, Laura
Cerrone, Anna
Gamberale, Fabrizio
Schiavo, Lorena
Pacciarini, Maria Lodovica
Boniotti, Maria Beatrice
De Carlo, Esterina
Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria
title Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria
title_full Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria
title_fullStr Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria
title_full_unstemmed Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria
title_short Field Evaluation of the Interferon Gamma Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Comparing Four Interpretative Criteria
title_sort field evaluation of the interferon gamma assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) comparing four interpretative criteria
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7736034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33335916
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.563792
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