Cargando…
Laterality of Ovulation and Presence of the Embryo Do Not Affect Uterine Horn Blood Flow During the First Month of Gestation in Llamas
We determined if laterality of ovulation and intrauterine embryo location differentially induces changes in the mesometrial/endometrial vascularization area (MEVA) between uterine horns, during and after embryo migration, elongation and implantation in llamas. Adult, non-pregnant and non-lactating l...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7736036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33335920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.598117 |
_version_ | 1783622748479684608 |
---|---|
author | Ratto, Marcelo H. Urra, Felipe Silva, Mauricio |
author_facet | Ratto, Marcelo H. Urra, Felipe Silva, Mauricio |
author_sort | Ratto, Marcelo H. |
collection | PubMed |
description | We determined if laterality of ovulation and intrauterine embryo location differentially induces changes in the mesometrial/endometrial vascularization area (MEVA) between uterine horns, during and after embryo migration, elongation and implantation in llamas. Adult, non-pregnant and non-lactating llamas (n = 30) were subjected to daily B-mode ultrasound scanning of their ovaries. Llamas with a growing follicle ≥8 mm in diameter in the left (n = 15) or right (n = 15) ovary were assigned to a single mating with an adult fertile or vasectomized male. Power-doppler ultrasonography was used to determine the MEVA in a cross section of the middle segment of both uterine horns. MEVA was determined by off-line measurements using the ImageJ software. MEVA measurements were performed before mating (day 0) and on days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 after mating in pregnant [llamas with left- (n = 6) or right-sided (n = 6) ovulations] and non-pregnant [llamas with left- (n = 6) or right-sided (n = 6) ovulations] females. Ovulation was confirmed by the disappearance of a follicle (≥8 mm) detected previously. Pregnancy was confirmed by the presence of the embryo proper. MEVA was analyzed by one-way ANOVA for repeated measures using the MIXED Procedure in SAS. If significant (P ≤ 0.05) main effects or interactions were detected, Tukey's post-hoc test for multiple comparisons was used. Ovulation rate did not differ (P = 0.4) between females mated to an intact or vasectomized male and between right- or left-sided ovulations. Three females mated to the intact and 3 to the vasectomized male did not ovulate and were excluded of the study. First observation of fluid inside the gestational sac and of embryo proper, were made exclusively in the left uterine horn, on day 15.8 ± 3.8 and 22 ± 2.7, and 16.7± 2.6 and 27.5 ± 2.8 for pregnant llamas ovulating in the right and left ovary, respectively. Although the MEVA of both uterine horns was affected by time (P < 0.05), it was not affected by physiological status (pregnant vs. non-pregnant; P = 0.9) or laterality of ovulation (P = 0.4). Contrary to expectations, regardless of the laterality of ovulation, in pregnant llamas the left horn did not display a greater MEVA before or after embryo arrival, a trend that was observed during the first 30 days of gestation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7736036 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77360362020-12-16 Laterality of Ovulation and Presence of the Embryo Do Not Affect Uterine Horn Blood Flow During the First Month of Gestation in Llamas Ratto, Marcelo H. Urra, Felipe Silva, Mauricio Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science We determined if laterality of ovulation and intrauterine embryo location differentially induces changes in the mesometrial/endometrial vascularization area (MEVA) between uterine horns, during and after embryo migration, elongation and implantation in llamas. Adult, non-pregnant and non-lactating llamas (n = 30) were subjected to daily B-mode ultrasound scanning of their ovaries. Llamas with a growing follicle ≥8 mm in diameter in the left (n = 15) or right (n = 15) ovary were assigned to a single mating with an adult fertile or vasectomized male. Power-doppler ultrasonography was used to determine the MEVA in a cross section of the middle segment of both uterine horns. MEVA was determined by off-line measurements using the ImageJ software. MEVA measurements were performed before mating (day 0) and on days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 after mating in pregnant [llamas with left- (n = 6) or right-sided (n = 6) ovulations] and non-pregnant [llamas with left- (n = 6) or right-sided (n = 6) ovulations] females. Ovulation was confirmed by the disappearance of a follicle (≥8 mm) detected previously. Pregnancy was confirmed by the presence of the embryo proper. MEVA was analyzed by one-way ANOVA for repeated measures using the MIXED Procedure in SAS. If significant (P ≤ 0.05) main effects or interactions were detected, Tukey's post-hoc test for multiple comparisons was used. Ovulation rate did not differ (P = 0.4) between females mated to an intact or vasectomized male and between right- or left-sided ovulations. Three females mated to the intact and 3 to the vasectomized male did not ovulate and were excluded of the study. First observation of fluid inside the gestational sac and of embryo proper, were made exclusively in the left uterine horn, on day 15.8 ± 3.8 and 22 ± 2.7, and 16.7± 2.6 and 27.5 ± 2.8 for pregnant llamas ovulating in the right and left ovary, respectively. Although the MEVA of both uterine horns was affected by time (P < 0.05), it was not affected by physiological status (pregnant vs. non-pregnant; P = 0.9) or laterality of ovulation (P = 0.4). Contrary to expectations, regardless of the laterality of ovulation, in pregnant llamas the left horn did not display a greater MEVA before or after embryo arrival, a trend that was observed during the first 30 days of gestation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7736036/ /pubmed/33335920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.598117 Text en Copyright © 2020 Ratto, Urra and Silva. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Ratto, Marcelo H. Urra, Felipe Silva, Mauricio Laterality of Ovulation and Presence of the Embryo Do Not Affect Uterine Horn Blood Flow During the First Month of Gestation in Llamas |
title | Laterality of Ovulation and Presence of the Embryo Do Not Affect Uterine Horn Blood Flow During the First Month of Gestation in Llamas |
title_full | Laterality of Ovulation and Presence of the Embryo Do Not Affect Uterine Horn Blood Flow During the First Month of Gestation in Llamas |
title_fullStr | Laterality of Ovulation and Presence of the Embryo Do Not Affect Uterine Horn Blood Flow During the First Month of Gestation in Llamas |
title_full_unstemmed | Laterality of Ovulation and Presence of the Embryo Do Not Affect Uterine Horn Blood Flow During the First Month of Gestation in Llamas |
title_short | Laterality of Ovulation and Presence of the Embryo Do Not Affect Uterine Horn Blood Flow During the First Month of Gestation in Llamas |
title_sort | laterality of ovulation and presence of the embryo do not affect uterine horn blood flow during the first month of gestation in llamas |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7736036/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33335920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.598117 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT rattomarceloh lateralityofovulationandpresenceoftheembryodonotaffectuterinehornbloodflowduringthefirstmonthofgestationinllamas AT urrafelipe lateralityofovulationandpresenceoftheembryodonotaffectuterinehornbloodflowduringthefirstmonthofgestationinllamas AT silvamauricio lateralityofovulationandpresenceoftheembryodonotaffectuterinehornbloodflowduringthefirstmonthofgestationinllamas |