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Genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments
BACKGROUND: The scaly-foot snail (Chrysomallon squamiferum) is highly adapted to deep-sea hydrothermal vents and has drawn much interest since its discovery. However, the limited information on its genome has impeded further related research and understanding of its adaptation to deep-sea hydrotherm...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7736800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33319911 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa139 |
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author | Zeng, Xiang Zhang, Yaolei Meng, Lingfeng Fan, Guangyi Bai, Jie Chen, Jianwei Song, Yue Seim, Inge Wang, Congyan Shao, Zenghua Liu, Nanxi Lu, Haorong Fu, Xiaoteng Wang, Liping Liu, Xin Liu, Shanshan Shao, Zongze |
author_facet | Zeng, Xiang Zhang, Yaolei Meng, Lingfeng Fan, Guangyi Bai, Jie Chen, Jianwei Song, Yue Seim, Inge Wang, Congyan Shao, Zenghua Liu, Nanxi Lu, Haorong Fu, Xiaoteng Wang, Liping Liu, Xin Liu, Shanshan Shao, Zongze |
author_sort | Zeng, Xiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The scaly-foot snail (Chrysomallon squamiferum) is highly adapted to deep-sea hydrothermal vents and has drawn much interest since its discovery. However, the limited information on its genome has impeded further related research and understanding of its adaptation to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. FINDINGS: Here, we report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the scaly-foot snail and another snail (Gigantopelta aegis), which inhabits similar environments. Using Oxford Nanopore Technology, 10X Genomics, and Hi-C technologies, we obtained a chromosome-level genome of C. squamiferum with an N50 size of 20.71 Mb. By constructing a phylogenetic tree, we found that these 2 deep-sea snails evolved independently of other snails. Their divergence from each other occurred ∼66.3 million years ago. Comparative genomic analysis showed that different snails have diverse genome sizes and repeat contents. Deep-sea snails have more DNA transposons and long terminal repeats but fewer long interspersed nuclear elements than other snails. Gene family analysis revealed that deep-sea snails experienced stronger selective pressures than freshwater snails, and gene families related to the nervous system, immune system, metabolism, DNA stability, antioxidation, and biomineralization were significantly expanded in scaly-foot snails. We also found 251 H-2 Class II histocompatibility antigen, A-U α chain-like (H2-Aal) genes, which exist uniquely in the Gigantopelta aegis genome. This finding is important for investigating the evolution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. CONCLUSION: Our study provides new insights into deep-sea snail genomes and valuable resources for further studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7736800 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77368002020-12-17 Genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments Zeng, Xiang Zhang, Yaolei Meng, Lingfeng Fan, Guangyi Bai, Jie Chen, Jianwei Song, Yue Seim, Inge Wang, Congyan Shao, Zenghua Liu, Nanxi Lu, Haorong Fu, Xiaoteng Wang, Liping Liu, Xin Liu, Shanshan Shao, Zongze Gigascience Data Note BACKGROUND: The scaly-foot snail (Chrysomallon squamiferum) is highly adapted to deep-sea hydrothermal vents and has drawn much interest since its discovery. However, the limited information on its genome has impeded further related research and understanding of its adaptation to deep-sea hydrothermal vents. FINDINGS: Here, we report the whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the scaly-foot snail and another snail (Gigantopelta aegis), which inhabits similar environments. Using Oxford Nanopore Technology, 10X Genomics, and Hi-C technologies, we obtained a chromosome-level genome of C. squamiferum with an N50 size of 20.71 Mb. By constructing a phylogenetic tree, we found that these 2 deep-sea snails evolved independently of other snails. Their divergence from each other occurred ∼66.3 million years ago. Comparative genomic analysis showed that different snails have diverse genome sizes and repeat contents. Deep-sea snails have more DNA transposons and long terminal repeats but fewer long interspersed nuclear elements than other snails. Gene family analysis revealed that deep-sea snails experienced stronger selective pressures than freshwater snails, and gene families related to the nervous system, immune system, metabolism, DNA stability, antioxidation, and biomineralization were significantly expanded in scaly-foot snails. We also found 251 H-2 Class II histocompatibility antigen, A-U α chain-like (H2-Aal) genes, which exist uniquely in the Gigantopelta aegis genome. This finding is important for investigating the evolution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. CONCLUSION: Our study provides new insights into deep-sea snail genomes and valuable resources for further studies. Oxford University Press 2020-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7736800/ /pubmed/33319911 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa139 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press GigaScience. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Data Note Zeng, Xiang Zhang, Yaolei Meng, Lingfeng Fan, Guangyi Bai, Jie Chen, Jianwei Song, Yue Seim, Inge Wang, Congyan Shao, Zenghua Liu, Nanxi Lu, Haorong Fu, Xiaoteng Wang, Liping Liu, Xin Liu, Shanshan Shao, Zongze Genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments |
title | Genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments |
title_full | Genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments |
title_fullStr | Genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments |
title_full_unstemmed | Genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments |
title_short | Genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments |
title_sort | genome sequencing of deep-sea hydrothermal vent snails reveals adaptions to extreme environments |
topic | Data Note |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7736800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33319911 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa139 |
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