The Levels of Depression, Anxiety, Acceptance of Illness, and Medication Adherence in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis - Descriptive and Correlational Study

Emotional functioning is one of the factors affecting medication adherence in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Adherence to treatment is a very important element in the therapy of patients with MS and requires from them cooperation, positive emotional status and acceptance of illness. This study evaluated the role of depression, anxiety, and the acceptance of illness on adherence to disease-modifying therapies (DMT) in MS. A group of 226 MS patients was included. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Modified Version (HADS-M), the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Adherence Questionnaire (MS-TAQ) were used. It was shown that 41% of patients reported the symptoms of anxiety, 28% reported the symptoms of depression, and 63% were irritated and aggressive (HADS-M). Over 80% of patients accept their disease to varying degrees. There was a correlation between the results of HADS-M, BDI, and AIS and the domains of MS-TAQ. Analysis of the multiple-regression model showed that only being very satisfied with treatment positively affects adherence to DMT in MS patients. It has to be concluded that anxiety and depression have a significant negative impact on medication adherence in MS patients. However, MS patients with an increased acceptance of their illness have a higher rate of adherence to DMT. The emotional state of a patient is an important factor that can both positively and negatively affect their adherence and their resulting prognosis.