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Interim Performance Progression (IPP) During Consecutive Season Best Performances of Talented Swimmers

Objective: The main goal of the present study was to investigate the interim performance progression (IPP) of talented swimmers. Part of this group ultimately made it to the top (referred to as elite swimmers) whereas others did not make it to the top (referred to as high-competitive swimmers). Rath...

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Autores principales: Post, Aylin K., Koning, Ruud H., Stoter, Inge K., Visscher, Chris, Elferink-Gemser, Marije T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7739762/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33345144
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.579008
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author Post, Aylin K.
Koning, Ruud H.
Stoter, Inge K.
Visscher, Chris
Elferink-Gemser, Marije T.
author_facet Post, Aylin K.
Koning, Ruud H.
Stoter, Inge K.
Visscher, Chris
Elferink-Gemser, Marije T.
author_sort Post, Aylin K.
collection PubMed
description Objective: The main goal of the present study was to investigate the interim performance progression (IPP) of talented swimmers. Part of this group ultimately made it to the top (referred to as elite swimmers) whereas others did not make it to the top (referred to as high-competitive swimmers). Rather than investigating performance progression based solely on season best performances, we included the first swim performance of the season in the metrics of IPP. Knowledge about the IPP of talented swimmers from and toward their season best performances relative to the first swim performance of the season will enhance our understanding of changes in season best performances during the talent trajectory and provide valuable insights for talent development and selection processes in competitive swimming. Methods: Fifteen thousand nine hundred and forty four swim performances (first swim performances of the season and season best performances) between 1993 and 2019 of 3,199 talented swimmers (of whom 556 reached elite level and 2,643 reached high-competitive level) were collected from Swimrankings and related to the prevailing world record of the corresponding sex. The pattern of IPP was represented by two phases: phase A and phase B. Phase A reflected the performance progression between the previous season best performance and the first swim performance of the current season (PP(A)) and phase B reflected the performance progression between the first swim performance of the current season and the season best performance of the current season (PP(B)). Depending on the normality check, we used independent sample t-tests or Mann Whitney tests to establish significant differences in PP(A) and PP(B) between elite and high competitive swimmers per age category per sex (p < 0.05). Results: Without denying individual differences, male elite swimmers improved more during phase B from age 15 till 24 compared to high-competitive swimmers (20.5% vs. 13.1%, respectively, p < 0.05). Female elite swimmers improved more during phase B from age 13 till 23 compared to high-competitive swimmers (21.1% vs. 14.6%, respectively, p < 0.05). Except for age 14 in males, there were no significant differences between performance groups in PP(A). Conclusion: Talented swimmers who ultimately made it to the top (elite swimmers) are characterized with different patterns of IPP compared to talented swimmers who did not make it to the top (high-competitive swimmers). After puberty, elite and high-competitive swimmers performed in general ~1% slower at the start of their season compared to their previous season best performance (PP(A)). However, elite swimmers improved more in the period between their first swim performance of the season and their season best performance (PP(B)) from age 13 (females) and age 15 (males) onwards.
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spelling pubmed-77397622020-12-17 Interim Performance Progression (IPP) During Consecutive Season Best Performances of Talented Swimmers Post, Aylin K. Koning, Ruud H. Stoter, Inge K. Visscher, Chris Elferink-Gemser, Marije T. Front Sports Act Living Sports and Active Living Objective: The main goal of the present study was to investigate the interim performance progression (IPP) of talented swimmers. Part of this group ultimately made it to the top (referred to as elite swimmers) whereas others did not make it to the top (referred to as high-competitive swimmers). Rather than investigating performance progression based solely on season best performances, we included the first swim performance of the season in the metrics of IPP. Knowledge about the IPP of talented swimmers from and toward their season best performances relative to the first swim performance of the season will enhance our understanding of changes in season best performances during the talent trajectory and provide valuable insights for talent development and selection processes in competitive swimming. Methods: Fifteen thousand nine hundred and forty four swim performances (first swim performances of the season and season best performances) between 1993 and 2019 of 3,199 talented swimmers (of whom 556 reached elite level and 2,643 reached high-competitive level) were collected from Swimrankings and related to the prevailing world record of the corresponding sex. The pattern of IPP was represented by two phases: phase A and phase B. Phase A reflected the performance progression between the previous season best performance and the first swim performance of the current season (PP(A)) and phase B reflected the performance progression between the first swim performance of the current season and the season best performance of the current season (PP(B)). Depending on the normality check, we used independent sample t-tests or Mann Whitney tests to establish significant differences in PP(A) and PP(B) between elite and high competitive swimmers per age category per sex (p < 0.05). Results: Without denying individual differences, male elite swimmers improved more during phase B from age 15 till 24 compared to high-competitive swimmers (20.5% vs. 13.1%, respectively, p < 0.05). Female elite swimmers improved more during phase B from age 13 till 23 compared to high-competitive swimmers (21.1% vs. 14.6%, respectively, p < 0.05). Except for age 14 in males, there were no significant differences between performance groups in PP(A). Conclusion: Talented swimmers who ultimately made it to the top (elite swimmers) are characterized with different patterns of IPP compared to talented swimmers who did not make it to the top (high-competitive swimmers). After puberty, elite and high-competitive swimmers performed in general ~1% slower at the start of their season compared to their previous season best performance (PP(A)). However, elite swimmers improved more in the period between their first swim performance of the season and their season best performance (PP(B)) from age 13 (females) and age 15 (males) onwards. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-11-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7739762/ /pubmed/33345144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.579008 Text en Copyright © 2020 Post, Koning, Stoter, Visscher and Elferink-Gemser. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Sports and Active Living
Post, Aylin K.
Koning, Ruud H.
Stoter, Inge K.
Visscher, Chris
Elferink-Gemser, Marije T.
Interim Performance Progression (IPP) During Consecutive Season Best Performances of Talented Swimmers
title Interim Performance Progression (IPP) During Consecutive Season Best Performances of Talented Swimmers
title_full Interim Performance Progression (IPP) During Consecutive Season Best Performances of Talented Swimmers
title_fullStr Interim Performance Progression (IPP) During Consecutive Season Best Performances of Talented Swimmers
title_full_unstemmed Interim Performance Progression (IPP) During Consecutive Season Best Performances of Talented Swimmers
title_short Interim Performance Progression (IPP) During Consecutive Season Best Performances of Talented Swimmers
title_sort interim performance progression (ipp) during consecutive season best performances of talented swimmers
topic Sports and Active Living
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7739762/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33345144
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.579008
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