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The Impact of Conscientiousness on Participant Drop-Out: A Novel Method for Estimating Missingness

Individuals low in conscientiousness are typically characterized by higher rates of dropout in longitudinal studies compared to individuals high in conscientiousness. Given that low conscientiousness is associated with increased risk of mortality and several adverse health behaviours and outcomes, a...

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Autores principales: Yoneda, Tomiko, Lewis, Nathan, Rush, Jonathan, Piccinin, Andrea, James, Bryan, Hofer, Scott, Terrera, Graciela Muniz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7743303/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1286
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author Yoneda, Tomiko
Lewis, Nathan
Rush, Jonathan
Piccinin, Andrea
James, Bryan
Hofer, Scott
Terrera, Graciela Muniz
author_facet Yoneda, Tomiko
Lewis, Nathan
Rush, Jonathan
Piccinin, Andrea
James, Bryan
Hofer, Scott
Terrera, Graciela Muniz
author_sort Yoneda, Tomiko
collection PubMed
description Individuals low in conscientiousness are typically characterized by higher rates of dropout in longitudinal studies compared to individuals high in conscientiousness. Given that low conscientiousness is associated with increased risk of mortality and several adverse health behaviours and outcomes, attrition of individuals low in conscientiousness may result in systematic bias particularly relevant to developmental research focused on morbidity and mortality in older adulthood. Further, methods commonly used to estimate missing data require monotone coding patterns and untestable assumptions (e.g., MAR), and do not typically account for death as a competing risk factor. This project analyzed data drawn from the Memory and Aging Project (N=1156; Mage=79.2 years; 76.1% female) using multistate survival models to estimate the impact of conscientiousness on transitions between study wave participation over time (i.e., response, non-response), and death. With conscientiousness measured at baseline and death status determined by death records, complete state data are available for each study wave, unlike methods commonly used to model and estimate missingness. Adjusting for age, sex, and education, analyses revealed that higher levels of conscientiousness are associated with decreased likelihood of transitioning to non-response (HR= 0.97, CI’s 0.95, 0.99) and death (HR=0.96, CI’s 0.93, 0.99). These results suggest that over-sampling individuals low in conscientiousness during study recruitment may be important to better represent the general population, particularly when data are collected over several years or decades. Discussion will focus on how systematic bias introduced by higher response rates of individuals high in conscientiousness may impact health-related research based on longitudinal data.
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spelling pubmed-77433032020-12-21 The Impact of Conscientiousness on Participant Drop-Out: A Novel Method for Estimating Missingness Yoneda, Tomiko Lewis, Nathan Rush, Jonathan Piccinin, Andrea James, Bryan Hofer, Scott Terrera, Graciela Muniz Innov Aging Abstracts Individuals low in conscientiousness are typically characterized by higher rates of dropout in longitudinal studies compared to individuals high in conscientiousness. Given that low conscientiousness is associated with increased risk of mortality and several adverse health behaviours and outcomes, attrition of individuals low in conscientiousness may result in systematic bias particularly relevant to developmental research focused on morbidity and mortality in older adulthood. Further, methods commonly used to estimate missing data require monotone coding patterns and untestable assumptions (e.g., MAR), and do not typically account for death as a competing risk factor. This project analyzed data drawn from the Memory and Aging Project (N=1156; Mage=79.2 years; 76.1% female) using multistate survival models to estimate the impact of conscientiousness on transitions between study wave participation over time (i.e., response, non-response), and death. With conscientiousness measured at baseline and death status determined by death records, complete state data are available for each study wave, unlike methods commonly used to model and estimate missingness. Adjusting for age, sex, and education, analyses revealed that higher levels of conscientiousness are associated with decreased likelihood of transitioning to non-response (HR= 0.97, CI’s 0.95, 0.99) and death (HR=0.96, CI’s 0.93, 0.99). These results suggest that over-sampling individuals low in conscientiousness during study recruitment may be important to better represent the general population, particularly when data are collected over several years or decades. Discussion will focus on how systematic bias introduced by higher response rates of individuals high in conscientiousness may impact health-related research based on longitudinal data. Oxford University Press 2020-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7743303/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1286 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Abstracts
Yoneda, Tomiko
Lewis, Nathan
Rush, Jonathan
Piccinin, Andrea
James, Bryan
Hofer, Scott
Terrera, Graciela Muniz
The Impact of Conscientiousness on Participant Drop-Out: A Novel Method for Estimating Missingness
title The Impact of Conscientiousness on Participant Drop-Out: A Novel Method for Estimating Missingness
title_full The Impact of Conscientiousness on Participant Drop-Out: A Novel Method for Estimating Missingness
title_fullStr The Impact of Conscientiousness on Participant Drop-Out: A Novel Method for Estimating Missingness
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Conscientiousness on Participant Drop-Out: A Novel Method for Estimating Missingness
title_short The Impact of Conscientiousness on Participant Drop-Out: A Novel Method for Estimating Missingness
title_sort impact of conscientiousness on participant drop-out: a novel method for estimating missingness
topic Abstracts
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7743303/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1286
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