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A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample

Introduction: Previous research suggests children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD or “autism”) born extremely and very preterm face substantially delayed development than their peers born full-term. Further, children born preterm are proposed to show a unique behavioral phenotype, which...

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Autores principales: Luu, Jenny, Jellett, Rachel, Yaari, Maya, Gilbert, Melissa, Barbaro, Josephine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7744721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33343497
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.597505
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author Luu, Jenny
Jellett, Rachel
Yaari, Maya
Gilbert, Melissa
Barbaro, Josephine
author_facet Luu, Jenny
Jellett, Rachel
Yaari, Maya
Gilbert, Melissa
Barbaro, Josephine
author_sort Luu, Jenny
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Previous research suggests children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD or “autism”) born extremely and very preterm face substantially delayed development than their peers born full-term. Further, children born preterm are proposed to show a unique behavioral phenotype, which may overlap with characteristics of autism, making it difficult to disentangle their clinical presentation. To clarify the presentation of autism in children born preterm, this study examined differences in key indicators of child development (expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual reception) and characteristics of autism (social affect and repetitive, restricted behaviors). Materials and Methods: One fifty-eight children (136 full-term, twenty-two preterm) diagnosed with autism, aged 22–34 months, were identified prospectively using the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance tools during community-based, developmental surveillance checks in the second year of life. Those identified at “high likelihood” of an autism diagnosis were administered the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results: The children born preterm and full-term did not differ significantly in their fine motor, visual reception, expressive language, or receptive language skills. No significant differences in social affect and repetitive and restrictive behavior traits were found. Discussion: The findings of this study differs from previous research where children diagnosed with autism born very or extremely preterm were developmentally delayed and had greater autistic traits than their term-born peers. These null findings may relate to the large proportion of children born moderate to late preterm in this sample. This study was unique in its use of a community-based, prospectively identified sample of children diagnosed with autism at an early age. It may be that children in these groups differ from clinic- and hospital-based samples, that potential differences emerge later in development, or that within the autism spectrum, children born preterm and full-term develop similarly. It was concluded that within the current sample, at 2 years of age, children diagnosed with autism born preterm are similar to their peers born full-term. Thus, when clinicians identify characteristics of autism in children born preterm, it is important to refer the child for a diagnostic assessment for autism.
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spelling pubmed-77447212020-12-18 A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample Luu, Jenny Jellett, Rachel Yaari, Maya Gilbert, Melissa Barbaro, Josephine Front Neurol Neurology Introduction: Previous research suggests children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD or “autism”) born extremely and very preterm face substantially delayed development than their peers born full-term. Further, children born preterm are proposed to show a unique behavioral phenotype, which may overlap with characteristics of autism, making it difficult to disentangle their clinical presentation. To clarify the presentation of autism in children born preterm, this study examined differences in key indicators of child development (expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual reception) and characteristics of autism (social affect and repetitive, restricted behaviors). Materials and Methods: One fifty-eight children (136 full-term, twenty-two preterm) diagnosed with autism, aged 22–34 months, were identified prospectively using the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance tools during community-based, developmental surveillance checks in the second year of life. Those identified at “high likelihood” of an autism diagnosis were administered the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results: The children born preterm and full-term did not differ significantly in their fine motor, visual reception, expressive language, or receptive language skills. No significant differences in social affect and repetitive and restrictive behavior traits were found. Discussion: The findings of this study differs from previous research where children diagnosed with autism born very or extremely preterm were developmentally delayed and had greater autistic traits than their term-born peers. These null findings may relate to the large proportion of children born moderate to late preterm in this sample. This study was unique in its use of a community-based, prospectively identified sample of children diagnosed with autism at an early age. It may be that children in these groups differ from clinic- and hospital-based samples, that potential differences emerge later in development, or that within the autism spectrum, children born preterm and full-term develop similarly. It was concluded that within the current sample, at 2 years of age, children diagnosed with autism born preterm are similar to their peers born full-term. Thus, when clinicians identify characteristics of autism in children born preterm, it is important to refer the child for a diagnostic assessment for autism. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7744721/ /pubmed/33343497 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.597505 Text en Copyright © 2020 Luu, Jellett, Yaari, Gilbert and Barbaro. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neurology
Luu, Jenny
Jellett, Rachel
Yaari, Maya
Gilbert, Melissa
Barbaro, Josephine
A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample
title A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample
title_full A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample
title_fullStr A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample
title_full_unstemmed A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample
title_short A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample
title_sort comparison of children born preterm and full-term on the autism spectrum in a prospective community sample
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7744721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33343497
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.597505
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