Biomaterial (Garlic and Chitosan)-Doped WO(3)-TiO(2) Hybrid Nanocomposites: Their Solar Light Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities

[Image: see text] In this work, WO(3)-TiO(2), chitosan-blended WO(3)-TiO(2), and garlic-loaded WO(3)-TiO(2) nanocomposites were synthesized by the sol–gel and precipitation technique. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, UV-DRS, FT-IR, and TG-DTA analysis. The photocatalytic efficiency of the three synthesized nanocomposites on the degradation of dyes such as rhodamine B (Rh-B), methylene blue (MB), and methyl orange (MO) as organic pollutants was evaluated under solar light irradiation. The results show that garlic-loaded WO(3)-TiO(2) nanocomposites act as an excellent photocatalyst than chitosan-blended WO(3)-TiO(2) and WO(3)-TiO(2) nanocomposites. Further, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was examined against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) by the well diffusion method. Garlic-loaded WO(3)-doped TiO(2) nanocomposites have demonstrated good antibacterial activity over chitosan-blended WO(3)-TiO(2) nanocomposites and WO(3)-TiO(2) nanocomposites. The possible reason may be the presence of organic sulfur compounds in garlic.