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Behind the Scenes: Nod-Like Receptor X1 Controls Inflammation and Metabolism

Regulatory Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are a subgroup of the cytosolic NLR family of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors can tune the innate immune responses triggered by the activation of other PRRs by either augmenting or attenuating the activated pro-inflammatory signaling cascad...

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Autores principales: Snäkä, Tiia, Fasel, Nicolas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746548/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33344269
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.609812
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author Snäkä, Tiia
Fasel, Nicolas
author_facet Snäkä, Tiia
Fasel, Nicolas
author_sort Snäkä, Tiia
collection PubMed
description Regulatory Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are a subgroup of the cytosolic NLR family of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors can tune the innate immune responses triggered by the activation of other PRRs by either augmenting or attenuating the activated pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. Nod-like receptor X1 (NLRX1) is the only known mitochondria-associated negative regulatory NLR. NLRX1 attenuates several inflammatory pathways and modulates cellular processes such as autophagy and mitochondrial function following infection or injury. Using both in vitro expression and in vivo experimental models, NLRX1 is extensively described in the context of anti-viral signaling and host-defense against invading pathogens. More recently, NLRX1 has also gained interest in the field of cancer and metabolism where NLRX1 functions to attenuate overzealous inflammation in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the exact function of this novel receptor is still under debate and many, often contradictory, mechanisms of action together with cellular localizations have been proposed. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanism is crucial for future research and development of novel therapeutical approaches. Here, we summarize the current findings on NLRX1 and discuss its role in both infectious and inflammatory context.
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spelling pubmed-77465482020-12-19 Behind the Scenes: Nod-Like Receptor X1 Controls Inflammation and Metabolism Snäkä, Tiia Fasel, Nicolas Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Regulatory Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are a subgroup of the cytosolic NLR family of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors can tune the innate immune responses triggered by the activation of other PRRs by either augmenting or attenuating the activated pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. Nod-like receptor X1 (NLRX1) is the only known mitochondria-associated negative regulatory NLR. NLRX1 attenuates several inflammatory pathways and modulates cellular processes such as autophagy and mitochondrial function following infection or injury. Using both in vitro expression and in vivo experimental models, NLRX1 is extensively described in the context of anti-viral signaling and host-defense against invading pathogens. More recently, NLRX1 has also gained interest in the field of cancer and metabolism where NLRX1 functions to attenuate overzealous inflammation in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the exact function of this novel receptor is still under debate and many, often contradictory, mechanisms of action together with cellular localizations have been proposed. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanism is crucial for future research and development of novel therapeutical approaches. Here, we summarize the current findings on NLRX1 and discuss its role in both infectious and inflammatory context. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7746548/ /pubmed/33344269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.609812 Text en Copyright © 2020 Snäkä and Fasel http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Snäkä, Tiia
Fasel, Nicolas
Behind the Scenes: Nod-Like Receptor X1 Controls Inflammation and Metabolism
title Behind the Scenes: Nod-Like Receptor X1 Controls Inflammation and Metabolism
title_full Behind the Scenes: Nod-Like Receptor X1 Controls Inflammation and Metabolism
title_fullStr Behind the Scenes: Nod-Like Receptor X1 Controls Inflammation and Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Behind the Scenes: Nod-Like Receptor X1 Controls Inflammation and Metabolism
title_short Behind the Scenes: Nod-Like Receptor X1 Controls Inflammation and Metabolism
title_sort behind the scenes: nod-like receptor x1 controls inflammation and metabolism
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746548/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33344269
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.609812
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