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Wild and Domestic Differences in Plant Development and Responses to Water Deficit in Cicer

There is growing interest in widening the genetic diversity of domestic crops using wild relatives to break linkage drag and/or introduce new adaptive traits, particularly in narrow crops such as chickpea. To this end, it is important to understand wild and domestic adaptive differences to develop g...

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Autores principales: Berger, Jens, Pushpavalli, Raju, Ludwig, Christiane, Parsons, Sylvia, Basdemir, Fatma, Whisson, Kelly
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746823/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33343641
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.607819
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author Berger, Jens
Pushpavalli, Raju
Ludwig, Christiane
Parsons, Sylvia
Basdemir, Fatma
Whisson, Kelly
author_facet Berger, Jens
Pushpavalli, Raju
Ludwig, Christiane
Parsons, Sylvia
Basdemir, Fatma
Whisson, Kelly
author_sort Berger, Jens
collection PubMed
description There is growing interest in widening the genetic diversity of domestic crops using wild relatives to break linkage drag and/or introduce new adaptive traits, particularly in narrow crops such as chickpea. To this end, it is important to understand wild and domestic adaptive differences to develop greater insight into how wild traits can be exploited for crop improvement. Here, we study wild and domestic Cicer development and water-use over the lifecycle, measuring responses to reproductive water deficit, a key Mediterranean selection pressure, using mini-lysimeters (33 L round pots) in common gardens under contrasting water regimes. Wild and domestic Cicer were consistently separated by later phenology, greater water extraction and lower water use efficiency (WUE) and harvest index in the former, and much greater yield-responsiveness in the latter. Throughout the lifecycle, there was greater vegetative investment in wild, and greater reproductive investment in domestic Cicer, reflected in root and harvest indices, rates of leaf area, and pod growth. Domestic WUE was consistently greater than wild, suggesting differences in water-use regulation and partitioning. Large wild-domestic differences revealed in this study are indicative of evolution under contrasting selection pressures. Cicer domestication has selected for early phenology, greater early vigor, and reproductive efficiency, attributes well-suited to a time-delimited production system, where the crop is protected from grazing, disease, and competition, circumstances that do not pertain in the wild. Wild Cicer attributes are more competitive: higher peak rates of leaf area growth, greater ad libitum water-use, and extraction under terminal drought associated with greater vegetative dry matter allocation, leading to a lower reproductive capacity and efficiency than in domestic chickpea. These traits strengthen competitive capacity throughout the growing season and are likely to facilitate recovery from grazing, two significant selection pressures faced by wild, rather than domesticated Cicer. While increased water extraction may be useful for improving chickpea drought tolerance, this trait must be evaluated independently of the other associated wild traits. To this end, the wild-domestic populations have been developed.
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spelling pubmed-77468232020-12-19 Wild and Domestic Differences in Plant Development and Responses to Water Deficit in Cicer Berger, Jens Pushpavalli, Raju Ludwig, Christiane Parsons, Sylvia Basdemir, Fatma Whisson, Kelly Front Genet Genetics There is growing interest in widening the genetic diversity of domestic crops using wild relatives to break linkage drag and/or introduce new adaptive traits, particularly in narrow crops such as chickpea. To this end, it is important to understand wild and domestic adaptive differences to develop greater insight into how wild traits can be exploited for crop improvement. Here, we study wild and domestic Cicer development and water-use over the lifecycle, measuring responses to reproductive water deficit, a key Mediterranean selection pressure, using mini-lysimeters (33 L round pots) in common gardens under contrasting water regimes. Wild and domestic Cicer were consistently separated by later phenology, greater water extraction and lower water use efficiency (WUE) and harvest index in the former, and much greater yield-responsiveness in the latter. Throughout the lifecycle, there was greater vegetative investment in wild, and greater reproductive investment in domestic Cicer, reflected in root and harvest indices, rates of leaf area, and pod growth. Domestic WUE was consistently greater than wild, suggesting differences in water-use regulation and partitioning. Large wild-domestic differences revealed in this study are indicative of evolution under contrasting selection pressures. Cicer domestication has selected for early phenology, greater early vigor, and reproductive efficiency, attributes well-suited to a time-delimited production system, where the crop is protected from grazing, disease, and competition, circumstances that do not pertain in the wild. Wild Cicer attributes are more competitive: higher peak rates of leaf area growth, greater ad libitum water-use, and extraction under terminal drought associated with greater vegetative dry matter allocation, leading to a lower reproductive capacity and efficiency than in domestic chickpea. These traits strengthen competitive capacity throughout the growing season and are likely to facilitate recovery from grazing, two significant selection pressures faced by wild, rather than domesticated Cicer. While increased water extraction may be useful for improving chickpea drought tolerance, this trait must be evaluated independently of the other associated wild traits. To this end, the wild-domestic populations have been developed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7746823/ /pubmed/33343641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.607819 Text en Copyright © 2020 Berger, Pushpavalli, Ludwig, Parsons, Basdemir and Whisson. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Berger, Jens
Pushpavalli, Raju
Ludwig, Christiane
Parsons, Sylvia
Basdemir, Fatma
Whisson, Kelly
Wild and Domestic Differences in Plant Development and Responses to Water Deficit in Cicer
title Wild and Domestic Differences in Plant Development and Responses to Water Deficit in Cicer
title_full Wild and Domestic Differences in Plant Development and Responses to Water Deficit in Cicer
title_fullStr Wild and Domestic Differences in Plant Development and Responses to Water Deficit in Cicer
title_full_unstemmed Wild and Domestic Differences in Plant Development and Responses to Water Deficit in Cicer
title_short Wild and Domestic Differences in Plant Development and Responses to Water Deficit in Cicer
title_sort wild and domestic differences in plant development and responses to water deficit in cicer
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7746823/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33343641
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.607819
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