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Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE: Despite the increasing disease burden, there is a dearth of context-specific evidence on the risk factors for COVID-19 positivity and subsequent death in Nigeria. Thus, the study objective was to identify context-specific factors associated with testing positive for COVID-19 and fatality...

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Autores principales: Elimian, Kelly Osezele, Ochu, Chinwe Lucia, Ebhodaghe, Blessing, Myles, Puja, Crawford, Emily E, Igumbor, Ehimario, Ukponu, Winifred, Olayinka, Adobola, Aruna, Olusola, Dan-Nwafor, Chioma, Olawepo, Olatayo Ayodeji, Ogunbode, Oladipo, Atteh, Rhoda, Nwachukwu, William, Venkatesan, Sudhir, Obagha, Chijioke, Ngishe, Samuel, Suleiman, Kabir, Usman, Muhammad, Yusuff, Hakeem Abiola, Nwadiuto, Ifeoma, Mohammed, Abbas Aliyu, Usman, Rabi, Mba, Nwando, Aderinola, Olaolu, Ilori, Elsie, Oladejo, John, Abubakar, Ibrahim, Ihekweazu, Chikwe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7747485/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33334842
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044079
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author Elimian, Kelly Osezele
Ochu, Chinwe Lucia
Ebhodaghe, Blessing
Myles, Puja
Crawford, Emily E
Igumbor, Ehimario
Ukponu, Winifred
Olayinka, Adobola
Aruna, Olusola
Dan-Nwafor, Chioma
Olawepo, Olatayo Ayodeji
Ogunbode, Oladipo
Atteh, Rhoda
Nwachukwu, William
Venkatesan, Sudhir
Obagha, Chijioke
Ngishe, Samuel
Suleiman, Kabir
Usman, Muhammad
Yusuff, Hakeem Abiola
Nwadiuto, Ifeoma
Mohammed, Abbas Aliyu
Usman, Rabi
Mba, Nwando
Aderinola, Olaolu
Ilori, Elsie
Oladejo, John
Abubakar, Ibrahim
Ihekweazu, Chikwe
author_facet Elimian, Kelly Osezele
Ochu, Chinwe Lucia
Ebhodaghe, Blessing
Myles, Puja
Crawford, Emily E
Igumbor, Ehimario
Ukponu, Winifred
Olayinka, Adobola
Aruna, Olusola
Dan-Nwafor, Chioma
Olawepo, Olatayo Ayodeji
Ogunbode, Oladipo
Atteh, Rhoda
Nwachukwu, William
Venkatesan, Sudhir
Obagha, Chijioke
Ngishe, Samuel
Suleiman, Kabir
Usman, Muhammad
Yusuff, Hakeem Abiola
Nwadiuto, Ifeoma
Mohammed, Abbas Aliyu
Usman, Rabi
Mba, Nwando
Aderinola, Olaolu
Ilori, Elsie
Oladejo, John
Abubakar, Ibrahim
Ihekweazu, Chikwe
author_sort Elimian, Kelly Osezele
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Despite the increasing disease burden, there is a dearth of context-specific evidence on the risk factors for COVID-19 positivity and subsequent death in Nigeria. Thus, the study objective was to identify context-specific factors associated with testing positive for COVID-19 and fatality in Nigeria. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: COVID-19 surveillance and laboratory centres in 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory reporting data to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals who were investigated for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time PCR testing during the study period 27 February–8 June 2020. METHODS: COVID-19 positivity and subsequent mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with both outcome variables, and findings are presented as adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: A total of 36 496 patients were tested for COVID-19, with 10 517 confirmed cases. Of 3215 confirmed cases with available clinical outcomes, 295 died. Factors independently associated with COVID-19 positivity were older age (p value for trend<0.0001), male sex (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.18) and the following presenting symptoms: cough (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.32), fever (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.71), loss of smell (aOR 7.78, 95% CI 5.19 to 11.66) and loss of taste (aOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.90). An increased risk of mortality following COVID-19 was observed in those aged ≥51 years, patients in farming occupation (aOR 7.56, 95% CI 1.70 to 33.53) and those presenting with cough (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.01), breathing difficulties (aOR 5.68, 95% CI 3.77 to 8.58) and vomiting (aOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.84). CONCLUSION: The significant risk factors associated with COVID-19 positivity and subsequent mortality in the Nigerian population are similar to those reported in studies from other countries and should guide clinical decisions for COVID-19 testing and specialist care referrals.
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spelling pubmed-77474852020-12-18 Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study Elimian, Kelly Osezele Ochu, Chinwe Lucia Ebhodaghe, Blessing Myles, Puja Crawford, Emily E Igumbor, Ehimario Ukponu, Winifred Olayinka, Adobola Aruna, Olusola Dan-Nwafor, Chioma Olawepo, Olatayo Ayodeji Ogunbode, Oladipo Atteh, Rhoda Nwachukwu, William Venkatesan, Sudhir Obagha, Chijioke Ngishe, Samuel Suleiman, Kabir Usman, Muhammad Yusuff, Hakeem Abiola Nwadiuto, Ifeoma Mohammed, Abbas Aliyu Usman, Rabi Mba, Nwando Aderinola, Olaolu Ilori, Elsie Oladejo, John Abubakar, Ibrahim Ihekweazu, Chikwe BMJ Open Epidemiology OBJECTIVE: Despite the increasing disease burden, there is a dearth of context-specific evidence on the risk factors for COVID-19 positivity and subsequent death in Nigeria. Thus, the study objective was to identify context-specific factors associated with testing positive for COVID-19 and fatality in Nigeria. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: COVID-19 surveillance and laboratory centres in 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory reporting data to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals who were investigated for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time PCR testing during the study period 27 February–8 June 2020. METHODS: COVID-19 positivity and subsequent mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with both outcome variables, and findings are presented as adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS: A total of 36 496 patients were tested for COVID-19, with 10 517 confirmed cases. Of 3215 confirmed cases with available clinical outcomes, 295 died. Factors independently associated with COVID-19 positivity were older age (p value for trend<0.0001), male sex (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.18) and the following presenting symptoms: cough (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.32), fever (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.71), loss of smell (aOR 7.78, 95% CI 5.19 to 11.66) and loss of taste (aOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.90). An increased risk of mortality following COVID-19 was observed in those aged ≥51 years, patients in farming occupation (aOR 7.56, 95% CI 1.70 to 33.53) and those presenting with cough (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.01), breathing difficulties (aOR 5.68, 95% CI 3.77 to 8.58) and vomiting (aOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.84). CONCLUSION: The significant risk factors associated with COVID-19 positivity and subsequent mortality in the Nigerian population are similar to those reported in studies from other countries and should guide clinical decisions for COVID-19 testing and specialist care referrals. BMJ Publishing Group 2020-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7747485/ /pubmed/33334842 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044079 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Epidemiology
Elimian, Kelly Osezele
Ochu, Chinwe Lucia
Ebhodaghe, Blessing
Myles, Puja
Crawford, Emily E
Igumbor, Ehimario
Ukponu, Winifred
Olayinka, Adobola
Aruna, Olusola
Dan-Nwafor, Chioma
Olawepo, Olatayo Ayodeji
Ogunbode, Oladipo
Atteh, Rhoda
Nwachukwu, William
Venkatesan, Sudhir
Obagha, Chijioke
Ngishe, Samuel
Suleiman, Kabir
Usman, Muhammad
Yusuff, Hakeem Abiola
Nwadiuto, Ifeoma
Mohammed, Abbas Aliyu
Usman, Rabi
Mba, Nwando
Aderinola, Olaolu
Ilori, Elsie
Oladejo, John
Abubakar, Ibrahim
Ihekweazu, Chikwe
Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study
title Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study
title_full Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study
title_short Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study
title_sort patient characteristics associated with covid-19 positivity and fatality in nigeria: retrospective cohort study
topic Epidemiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7747485/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33334842
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044079
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