Data for: Terrain units, land use/cover, and gross primary productivity of the largest fluvial basin in the Brazilian Amazonia/Cerrado ecotone: The Araguaia River Basin

Integrity of most of tropical wetlands is threatened because they are often considered freely available resources of land and water. The Araguaia River Basin is one of the Brazilian basins most influenced by tropical seasonal floods, in addition to being rich in biodiversity and providing diverse ecosystem services. Here, we propose the analysis of the landscape of Araguaia Basin in terms of terrain units, rainfall, land use/cover and gross primary productivity (GPP). For this, the integration of different databases was made, including the topographic domains, protected areas and indigenous lands; land use/cover map (year 2016); time series of GPP derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor (period of 2000–2015); Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation models (DEM); and precipitation data produced by the WorldClim version 2 dataset. GPP time serie were processed using statistical methods of decomposition throughout R software. The proposed methodology can assist in new studies aimed at land use changes and carbon cycles.