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Amino Acid Profiling and Chemometric Relations of Black Dwarf Honey and Bee Pollen
This research reports the characterization of bee pollen of Apis andreniformis colonies on the basis of morphology, proximate composition, the amino acid, and nutritive patterns in relation with their honey. The pollen gains of the sampling colonies revealed variations in their structure, symmetry,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7750629/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33365324 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.558579 |
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author | Sommano, Sarana Rose Bhat, Farhan M. Wongkeaw, Malaiporn Sriwichai, Trid Sunanta, Piyachat Chuttong, Bajaree Burgett, Michael |
author_facet | Sommano, Sarana Rose Bhat, Farhan M. Wongkeaw, Malaiporn Sriwichai, Trid Sunanta, Piyachat Chuttong, Bajaree Burgett, Michael |
author_sort | Sommano, Sarana Rose |
collection | PubMed |
description | This research reports the characterization of bee pollen of Apis andreniformis colonies on the basis of morphology, proximate composition, the amino acid, and nutritive patterns in relation with their honey. The pollen gains of the sampling colonies revealed variations in their structure, symmetry, and sculpture. The exile surfaces of the pollens showed psilate, scabrate, clavate, and echinate types of morphology. Total amino acid content of black dwarf honeybee collected pollen (150 mg/g) was found significantly higher than that of honey (15 mg/g) from the same colony. Threonine, phenylalanine, and leucine were among the highest essential amino acid types found in the analyzed pollen and honey samples. The proline content in both products was found the lowest comparing to other amino acid types. The moisture content of the honey samples were found to exceed the limit as prescribed by Codex Alimentarius Commission (<20%). The ash content of the analyzed samples was mostly within the limits (<0.6%) prescribed by international norms. The fat content of the pollens varied from 5.01 to 5.05%, and the honey showed zero fat content. The carbohydrate content in the honey samples was found to differ significantly from each other with a maximum content (73.16%), and the lowest carbohydrate content was 67.80%. The pollen and honey samples were found to have positive effect on in vitro digestibility of proteins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7750629 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77506292020-12-22 Amino Acid Profiling and Chemometric Relations of Black Dwarf Honey and Bee Pollen Sommano, Sarana Rose Bhat, Farhan M. Wongkeaw, Malaiporn Sriwichai, Trid Sunanta, Piyachat Chuttong, Bajaree Burgett, Michael Front Nutr Nutrition This research reports the characterization of bee pollen of Apis andreniformis colonies on the basis of morphology, proximate composition, the amino acid, and nutritive patterns in relation with their honey. The pollen gains of the sampling colonies revealed variations in their structure, symmetry, and sculpture. The exile surfaces of the pollens showed psilate, scabrate, clavate, and echinate types of morphology. Total amino acid content of black dwarf honeybee collected pollen (150 mg/g) was found significantly higher than that of honey (15 mg/g) from the same colony. Threonine, phenylalanine, and leucine were among the highest essential amino acid types found in the analyzed pollen and honey samples. The proline content in both products was found the lowest comparing to other amino acid types. The moisture content of the honey samples were found to exceed the limit as prescribed by Codex Alimentarius Commission (<20%). The ash content of the analyzed samples was mostly within the limits (<0.6%) prescribed by international norms. The fat content of the pollens varied from 5.01 to 5.05%, and the honey showed zero fat content. The carbohydrate content in the honey samples was found to differ significantly from each other with a maximum content (73.16%), and the lowest carbohydrate content was 67.80%. The pollen and honey samples were found to have positive effect on in vitro digestibility of proteins. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7750629/ /pubmed/33365324 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.558579 Text en Copyright © 2020 Sommano, Bhat, Wongkeaw, Sriwichai, Sunanta, Chuttong and Burgett. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Nutrition Sommano, Sarana Rose Bhat, Farhan M. Wongkeaw, Malaiporn Sriwichai, Trid Sunanta, Piyachat Chuttong, Bajaree Burgett, Michael Amino Acid Profiling and Chemometric Relations of Black Dwarf Honey and Bee Pollen |
title | Amino Acid Profiling and Chemometric Relations of Black Dwarf Honey and Bee Pollen |
title_full | Amino Acid Profiling and Chemometric Relations of Black Dwarf Honey and Bee Pollen |
title_fullStr | Amino Acid Profiling and Chemometric Relations of Black Dwarf Honey and Bee Pollen |
title_full_unstemmed | Amino Acid Profiling and Chemometric Relations of Black Dwarf Honey and Bee Pollen |
title_short | Amino Acid Profiling and Chemometric Relations of Black Dwarf Honey and Bee Pollen |
title_sort | amino acid profiling and chemometric relations of black dwarf honey and bee pollen |
topic | Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7750629/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33365324 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.558579 |
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