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The Strategy of Predator Evasion in Response to a Visual Looming Stimulus in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
A diversity of animals survive encounters with predators by escaping from a looming visual stimulus. Despite the importance of this behavior, it is generally unclear how visual cues facilitate a prey’s survival from predation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand how the visual angle s...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7750966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33791564 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaa023 |
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author | McKee, A McHenry, M J |
author_facet | McKee, A McHenry, M J |
author_sort | McKee, A |
collection | PubMed |
description | A diversity of animals survive encounters with predators by escaping from a looming visual stimulus. Despite the importance of this behavior, it is generally unclear how visual cues facilitate a prey’s survival from predation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand how the visual angle subtended on the eye of the prey by the predator affects the distance of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) from predators. We performed experiments to measure the threshold visual angle and mathematically modeled the kinematics of predator and prey. We analyzed the responses to the artificial stimulus with a novel approach that calculated relationships between hypothetical values for a threshold-stimulus angle and the latency between stimulus and response. These relationships were verified against the kinematic responses of zebrafish to a live fish predator (Herichthys cyanoguttatus). The predictions of our model suggest that the measured threshold visual angle facilitates escape when the predator’s approach is slower than approximately twice the prey’s escape speed. These results demonstrate the capacity and limits to how the visual angle provides a prey with the means to escape a predator. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7750966 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77509662021-03-30 The Strategy of Predator Evasion in Response to a Visual Looming Stimulus in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) McKee, A McHenry, M J Integr Org Biol Research Article A diversity of animals survive encounters with predators by escaping from a looming visual stimulus. Despite the importance of this behavior, it is generally unclear how visual cues facilitate a prey’s survival from predation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand how the visual angle subtended on the eye of the prey by the predator affects the distance of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) from predators. We performed experiments to measure the threshold visual angle and mathematically modeled the kinematics of predator and prey. We analyzed the responses to the artificial stimulus with a novel approach that calculated relationships between hypothetical values for a threshold-stimulus angle and the latency between stimulus and response. These relationships were verified against the kinematic responses of zebrafish to a live fish predator (Herichthys cyanoguttatus). The predictions of our model suggest that the measured threshold visual angle facilitates escape when the predator’s approach is slower than approximately twice the prey’s escape speed. These results demonstrate the capacity and limits to how the visual angle provides a prey with the means to escape a predator. Oxford University Press 2020-08-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7750966/ /pubmed/33791564 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaa023 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article McKee, A McHenry, M J The Strategy of Predator Evasion in Response to a Visual Looming Stimulus in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
title | The Strategy of Predator Evasion in Response to a Visual Looming Stimulus in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
title_full | The Strategy of Predator Evasion in Response to a Visual Looming Stimulus in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
title_fullStr | The Strategy of Predator Evasion in Response to a Visual Looming Stimulus in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
title_full_unstemmed | The Strategy of Predator Evasion in Response to a Visual Looming Stimulus in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
title_short | The Strategy of Predator Evasion in Response to a Visual Looming Stimulus in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
title_sort | strategy of predator evasion in response to a visual looming stimulus in zebrafish (danio rerio) |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7750966/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33791564 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obaa023 |
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