Isolation of Burkholderia sp. HQB-1, A Promising Biocontrol Bacteria to Protect Banana Against Fusarium Wilt Through Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid Secretion

Fusarium wilt is a devastating soil-borne fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). In recent years, some antifungal bacteria have been applied for the prevention and biocontrol of pathogenic fungi. In our study, a bacterial strain HQB-1, isolated from banana rhizosphere soil, was cultured for investigation. It showed broad-spectrum antifungal activities against representative phytopathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea, and Curvularia fallax. The strain HQB-1 was identified as Burkholderia sp. by morphological, physiological, and biochemical examinations, confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Among the metabolites produced by the strain, we identified an antifungal compound which was identified phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) (C(13)H(8)N(2)O(2)) through ultraviolet, liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer, and nuclear magnetic response. Furthermore, PCA exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against F. oxysporum (1.56 μg/ml) and yielded the highest MIC against C. gloeosporioides. Pot experiments showed that application of 5 μg/ml or more of PCA efficiently controlled banana wilt and promoted the growth of banana plants. These results suggested that Burkholderia sp. HQB-1, as an important microbial resource of PCA, could be a promising biological agent against wilt diseases and promoting banana growth.