Effectiveness of intraoperative bimanual palpation in metastatic tumors of lung

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to compare effectiveness of thoracic computed tomography versus intraoperative bimanual palpation in the detection of number of nodules in patients undergoing thoracotomy. METHODS: Between January 2011 and January 2019, a total of 157 patients (63 males, 94 females; mean age: 46.6±11.2 years; range, 13 to 77 years) who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy in our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Metastatic nodules evaluated using thoracic computed tomography were compared with nodules detected by intraoperative palpation. RESULTS: A total of 226 muscle-sparing thoracotomy was performed in 157 patients. The time between the preoperative thoracic computed tomography and operation ranged from 3 to 24 days. Metastasectomy with muscle-sparing thoracotomy was performed in 41 (26%) patients two times, in eight (5%) patients three times, and in four (2.5%) patients four times due to bilateral lung metastasis or re-metastasectomy. The thoracic computed tomography could detect 476 metastatic nodules, while 1,218 nodules were palpated and resected intraoperatively. Of these nodules, 920 were pathologically evaluated as metastatic. CONCLUSION: Our study results showed that the number of nodules reported as pathologically malignant after resection was 1.9 times higher than those reported by thoracic computed tomography. This finding indicates that intraoperative bimanual examination significantly increases the possibility of complete resection. This situation raises the need for more caution for the thoracoscopic metastasectomy procedure in which there is no possibility of intraoperative bimanual palpation.