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The Physiological Implications of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Activity Mediating NO Signalling in Plant Root Structures
Nitrogen remains an important macronutrient in plant root growth due to its application in amino acid production, in addition to its more elusive role in cellular signalling through nitric oxide (NO). NO is widely accepted as an important signalling oxidative radical across all organisms, leading to...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7760381/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33266126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121206 |
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author | Ventimiglia, Leslie Mutus, Bulent |
author_facet | Ventimiglia, Leslie Mutus, Bulent |
author_sort | Ventimiglia, Leslie |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nitrogen remains an important macronutrient in plant root growth due to its application in amino acid production, in addition to its more elusive role in cellular signalling through nitric oxide (NO). NO is widely accepted as an important signalling oxidative radical across all organisms, leading to its study in a wide range of biological pathways. Along with its more stable NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), formed by NO non-enzymatically in the presence of glutathione (GSH), NO is a redox-active molecule capable of mediating target protein cysteine thiols through the post translational modification, S-nitrosation. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) thereby acts as a mediator to pathways regulated by NO due to its activity in the irreversible reduction of GSNO to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and ammonia. GSNOR is thought to be pleiotropic and often acts by mediating the cellular environment in response to stress conditions. Under optimal conditions its activity leads to growth by transcriptional upregulation of the nitrate transporter, NRT2.1, and through its interaction with phytohormones like auxin and strigolactones associated with root development. However, in response to highly nitrosative and oxidative conditions its activity is often downregulated, possibly through an S-nitrosation site on GSNOR at cys271, Though GSNOR knockout mutated plants often display a stunted growth phenotype in all structures, they also tend to exhibit a pre-induced protective effect against oxidative stressors, as well as an improved immune response associated with NO accumulation in roots. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7760381 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77603812020-12-26 The Physiological Implications of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Activity Mediating NO Signalling in Plant Root Structures Ventimiglia, Leslie Mutus, Bulent Antioxidants (Basel) Review Nitrogen remains an important macronutrient in plant root growth due to its application in amino acid production, in addition to its more elusive role in cellular signalling through nitric oxide (NO). NO is widely accepted as an important signalling oxidative radical across all organisms, leading to its study in a wide range of biological pathways. Along with its more stable NO donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), formed by NO non-enzymatically in the presence of glutathione (GSH), NO is a redox-active molecule capable of mediating target protein cysteine thiols through the post translational modification, S-nitrosation. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) thereby acts as a mediator to pathways regulated by NO due to its activity in the irreversible reduction of GSNO to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and ammonia. GSNOR is thought to be pleiotropic and often acts by mediating the cellular environment in response to stress conditions. Under optimal conditions its activity leads to growth by transcriptional upregulation of the nitrate transporter, NRT2.1, and through its interaction with phytohormones like auxin and strigolactones associated with root development. However, in response to highly nitrosative and oxidative conditions its activity is often downregulated, possibly through an S-nitrosation site on GSNOR at cys271, Though GSNOR knockout mutated plants often display a stunted growth phenotype in all structures, they also tend to exhibit a pre-induced protective effect against oxidative stressors, as well as an improved immune response associated with NO accumulation in roots. MDPI 2020-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7760381/ /pubmed/33266126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121206 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ventimiglia, Leslie Mutus, Bulent The Physiological Implications of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Activity Mediating NO Signalling in Plant Root Structures |
title | The Physiological Implications of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Activity Mediating NO Signalling in Plant Root Structures |
title_full | The Physiological Implications of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Activity Mediating NO Signalling in Plant Root Structures |
title_fullStr | The Physiological Implications of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Activity Mediating NO Signalling in Plant Root Structures |
title_full_unstemmed | The Physiological Implications of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Activity Mediating NO Signalling in Plant Root Structures |
title_short | The Physiological Implications of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Activity Mediating NO Signalling in Plant Root Structures |
title_sort | physiological implications of s-nitrosoglutathione reductase (gsnor) activity mediating no signalling in plant root structures |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7760381/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33266126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121206 |
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