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Environmental and Nutritional “Stressors” and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction: Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmatic Reticulum Impairment

Oligodendrocytes are myelinating cells of the central nervous system which are generated by progenitor oligodendrocytes as a result of maturation processes. The main function of mature oligodendrocytes is to produce myelin, a lipid-rich multi-lamellar membrane that wraps tightly around neuronal axon...

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Autores principales: Maiuolo, Jessica, Gliozzi, Micaela, Musolino, Vincenzo, Carresi, Cristina, Nucera, Saverio, Scicchitano, Miriam, Scarano, Federica, Bosco, Francesca, Oppedisano, Francesca, Macrì, Roberta, Mollace, Vincenzo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7760976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33265917
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120553
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author Maiuolo, Jessica
Gliozzi, Micaela
Musolino, Vincenzo
Carresi, Cristina
Nucera, Saverio
Scicchitano, Miriam
Scarano, Federica
Bosco, Francesca
Oppedisano, Francesca
Macrì, Roberta
Mollace, Vincenzo
author_facet Maiuolo, Jessica
Gliozzi, Micaela
Musolino, Vincenzo
Carresi, Cristina
Nucera, Saverio
Scicchitano, Miriam
Scarano, Federica
Bosco, Francesca
Oppedisano, Francesca
Macrì, Roberta
Mollace, Vincenzo
author_sort Maiuolo, Jessica
collection PubMed
description Oligodendrocytes are myelinating cells of the central nervous system which are generated by progenitor oligodendrocytes as a result of maturation processes. The main function of mature oligodendrocytes is to produce myelin, a lipid-rich multi-lamellar membrane that wraps tightly around neuronal axons, insulating them and facilitating nerve conduction through saltatory propagation. The myelination process requires the consumption a large amount of energy and a high metabolic turnover. Mitochondria are essential organelles which regulate many cellular functions, including energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. Any mitochondrial dysfunction impacts cellular metabolism and negatively affects the health of the organism. If the functioning of the mitochondria is unbalanced, the myelination process is impaired. When myelination has finished, oligodendrocyte will have synthesized about 40% of the total lipids present in the brain. Since lipid synthesis occurs in the cellular endoplasmic reticulum, the dysfunction of this organelle can lead to partial or deficient myelination, triggering numerous neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the induced malfunction of oligodendrocytes by harmful exogenous stimuli has been outlined. In particular, the effects of alcohol consumption and heavy metal intake are discussed. Furthermore, the response of the oligodendrocyte to excessive mitochondrial oxidative stress and to the altered regulation of the functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum will be explored.
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spelling pubmed-77609762020-12-26 Environmental and Nutritional “Stressors” and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction: Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmatic Reticulum Impairment Maiuolo, Jessica Gliozzi, Micaela Musolino, Vincenzo Carresi, Cristina Nucera, Saverio Scicchitano, Miriam Scarano, Federica Bosco, Francesca Oppedisano, Francesca Macrì, Roberta Mollace, Vincenzo Biomedicines Review Oligodendrocytes are myelinating cells of the central nervous system which are generated by progenitor oligodendrocytes as a result of maturation processes. The main function of mature oligodendrocytes is to produce myelin, a lipid-rich multi-lamellar membrane that wraps tightly around neuronal axons, insulating them and facilitating nerve conduction through saltatory propagation. The myelination process requires the consumption a large amount of energy and a high metabolic turnover. Mitochondria are essential organelles which regulate many cellular functions, including energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. Any mitochondrial dysfunction impacts cellular metabolism and negatively affects the health of the organism. If the functioning of the mitochondria is unbalanced, the myelination process is impaired. When myelination has finished, oligodendrocyte will have synthesized about 40% of the total lipids present in the brain. Since lipid synthesis occurs in the cellular endoplasmic reticulum, the dysfunction of this organelle can lead to partial or deficient myelination, triggering numerous neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the induced malfunction of oligodendrocytes by harmful exogenous stimuli has been outlined. In particular, the effects of alcohol consumption and heavy metal intake are discussed. Furthermore, the response of the oligodendrocyte to excessive mitochondrial oxidative stress and to the altered regulation of the functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum will be explored. MDPI 2020-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7760976/ /pubmed/33265917 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120553 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Maiuolo, Jessica
Gliozzi, Micaela
Musolino, Vincenzo
Carresi, Cristina
Nucera, Saverio
Scicchitano, Miriam
Scarano, Federica
Bosco, Francesca
Oppedisano, Francesca
Macrì, Roberta
Mollace, Vincenzo
Environmental and Nutritional “Stressors” and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction: Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmatic Reticulum Impairment
title Environmental and Nutritional “Stressors” and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction: Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmatic Reticulum Impairment
title_full Environmental and Nutritional “Stressors” and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction: Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmatic Reticulum Impairment
title_fullStr Environmental and Nutritional “Stressors” and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction: Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmatic Reticulum Impairment
title_full_unstemmed Environmental and Nutritional “Stressors” and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction: Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmatic Reticulum Impairment
title_short Environmental and Nutritional “Stressors” and Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction: Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmatic Reticulum Impairment
title_sort environmental and nutritional “stressors” and oligodendrocyte dysfunction: role of mitochondrial and endoplasmatic reticulum impairment
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7760976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33265917
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120553
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