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Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has caused a major health and economic crisis around the globe. Gaining knowledge about its attributes and interactions with human host cells is crucial. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the host cells’ innate antiviral immune response. In RNA interference...

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Autores principales: Henzinger, Hanna, Barth, Dominik A., Klec, Christiane, Pichler, Martin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33271762
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121374
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author Henzinger, Hanna
Barth, Dominik A.
Klec, Christiane
Pichler, Martin
author_facet Henzinger, Hanna
Barth, Dominik A.
Klec, Christiane
Pichler, Martin
author_sort Henzinger, Hanna
collection PubMed
description The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has caused a major health and economic crisis around the globe. Gaining knowledge about its attributes and interactions with human host cells is crucial. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the host cells’ innate antiviral immune response. In RNA interference, microRNAs (miRNAs) may bind to complementary sequences of the viral RNA strand, forming an miRNA-induced silencing complex, which destroys the viral RNA, thereby inhibiting viral protein expression. There are several targets for human miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2’s RNA, most of which are in the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions. Mutations of the viral genome causing the creation or loss of miRNA binding sites may have crucial effects on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. In addition to mediating immunity, the ncRNA landscape of host cells further influences their susceptibility to virus infection, as certain miRNAs are essential in the regulation of cellular receptors that are necessary for virus invasion. Conversely, virus infection also changes the host ncRNA expression patterns, possibly augmenting conditions for viral replication and dissemination. Hence, ncRNAs typically upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be useful biomarkers for disease progression and severity. Understanding these mechanisms could provide further insight into the pathogenesis and possible treatment options against COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-77611852020-12-26 Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses Henzinger, Hanna Barth, Dominik A. Klec, Christiane Pichler, Martin Viruses Review The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 has caused a major health and economic crisis around the globe. Gaining knowledge about its attributes and interactions with human host cells is crucial. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the host cells’ innate antiviral immune response. In RNA interference, microRNAs (miRNAs) may bind to complementary sequences of the viral RNA strand, forming an miRNA-induced silencing complex, which destroys the viral RNA, thereby inhibiting viral protein expression. There are several targets for human miRNAs on SARS-CoV-2’s RNA, most of which are in the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions. Mutations of the viral genome causing the creation or loss of miRNA binding sites may have crucial effects on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. In addition to mediating immunity, the ncRNA landscape of host cells further influences their susceptibility to virus infection, as certain miRNAs are essential in the regulation of cellular receptors that are necessary for virus invasion. Conversely, virus infection also changes the host ncRNA expression patterns, possibly augmenting conditions for viral replication and dissemination. Hence, ncRNAs typically upregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be useful biomarkers for disease progression and severity. Understanding these mechanisms could provide further insight into the pathogenesis and possible treatment options against COVID-19. MDPI 2020-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7761185/ /pubmed/33271762 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121374 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Henzinger, Hanna
Barth, Dominik A.
Klec, Christiane
Pichler, Martin
Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses
title Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses
title_full Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses
title_fullStr Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses
title_full_unstemmed Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses
title_short Non-Coding RNAs and SARS-Related Coronaviruses
title_sort non-coding rnas and sars-related coronaviruses
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761185/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33271762
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121374
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