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Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies
Severe disease commonly manifests as a systemic inflammatory process. Inflammation is associated withthe enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and with a marked reduction in the plasma concentrations of protective antioxidant molecules. This imbalance gives rise to oxidative st...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761324/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33256059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121182 |
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author | Berretta, Massimiliano Quagliariello, Vincenzo Maurea, Nicola Di Francia, Raffaele Sharifi, Saman Facchini, Gaetano Rinaldi, Luca Piezzo, Michela Manuela, Ceccarelli Nunnari, Giuseppe Montopoli, Monica |
author_facet | Berretta, Massimiliano Quagliariello, Vincenzo Maurea, Nicola Di Francia, Raffaele Sharifi, Saman Facchini, Gaetano Rinaldi, Luca Piezzo, Michela Manuela, Ceccarelli Nunnari, Giuseppe Montopoli, Monica |
author_sort | Berretta, Massimiliano |
collection | PubMed |
description | Severe disease commonly manifests as a systemic inflammatory process. Inflammation is associated withthe enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and with a marked reduction in the plasma concentrations of protective antioxidant molecules. This imbalance gives rise to oxidative stress, which is greater in patients with more severe conditions such as sepsis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and burns. In these patients, oxidative stress can trigger cell, tissue, and organ damage, thus increasing morbidity and mortality. Ascorbic acid (ASC) is a key nutrient thatserves as an antioxidant and a cofactor for numerous enzymatic reactions. However, humans, unlike most mammals, are unable to synthesize it. Consequently, ASC must be obtained through dietary sources, especially fresh fruit and vegetables. The value of administering exogenous micronutrients, to reestablish antioxidant concentrations in patients with severe disease, has been recognized for decades. Despite the suggestion that ASC supplementation may reduce oxidative stress and prevent several chronic conditions, few large, randomized clinical trials have tested it in patients with severe illness. This article reviews the recent literature on the pharmacological profile of ASC and the role of its supplementation in critically ill patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7761324 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77613242020-12-26 Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies Berretta, Massimiliano Quagliariello, Vincenzo Maurea, Nicola Di Francia, Raffaele Sharifi, Saman Facchini, Gaetano Rinaldi, Luca Piezzo, Michela Manuela, Ceccarelli Nunnari, Giuseppe Montopoli, Monica Antioxidants (Basel) Review Severe disease commonly manifests as a systemic inflammatory process. Inflammation is associated withthe enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and with a marked reduction in the plasma concentrations of protective antioxidant molecules. This imbalance gives rise to oxidative stress, which is greater in patients with more severe conditions such as sepsis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and burns. In these patients, oxidative stress can trigger cell, tissue, and organ damage, thus increasing morbidity and mortality. Ascorbic acid (ASC) is a key nutrient thatserves as an antioxidant and a cofactor for numerous enzymatic reactions. However, humans, unlike most mammals, are unable to synthesize it. Consequently, ASC must be obtained through dietary sources, especially fresh fruit and vegetables. The value of administering exogenous micronutrients, to reestablish antioxidant concentrations in patients with severe disease, has been recognized for decades. Despite the suggestion that ASC supplementation may reduce oxidative stress and prevent several chronic conditions, few large, randomized clinical trials have tested it in patients with severe illness. This article reviews the recent literature on the pharmacological profile of ASC and the role of its supplementation in critically ill patients. MDPI 2020-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7761324/ /pubmed/33256059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121182 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Berretta, Massimiliano Quagliariello, Vincenzo Maurea, Nicola Di Francia, Raffaele Sharifi, Saman Facchini, Gaetano Rinaldi, Luca Piezzo, Michela Manuela, Ceccarelli Nunnari, Giuseppe Montopoli, Monica Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
title | Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
title_full | Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
title_fullStr | Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
title_short | Multiple Effects of Ascorbic Acid against Chronic Diseases: Updated Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies |
title_sort | multiple effects of ascorbic acid against chronic diseases: updated evidence from preclinical and clinical studies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761324/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33256059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121182 |
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