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Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool

Norovirus infections are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide and across all age groups, with two main genogroups (GI and GII) infecting humans. The aim of our study was to investigate the occurrence of norovirus in saliva samples from individuals involved in outbreaks of acu...

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Autores principales: Anfruns-Estrada, Eduard, Sabrià, Aurora, Fuentes, Cristina, Sabaté, Sara, Razquin, Efrén, Cornejo, Thais, Bartolomé, Rosa, Torner, Nuria, Izquierdo, Conchita, Soldevila, Nuria, Coronas, Lorena, Dominguez, Angela, Pintó, Rosa M., Bosch, Albert, Guix, Susana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33266188
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121369
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author Anfruns-Estrada, Eduard
Sabrià, Aurora
Fuentes, Cristina
Sabaté, Sara
Razquin, Efrén
Cornejo, Thais
Bartolomé, Rosa
Torner, Nuria
Izquierdo, Conchita
Soldevila, Nuria
Coronas, Lorena
Dominguez, Angela
Pintó, Rosa M.
Bosch, Albert
Guix, Susana
author_facet Anfruns-Estrada, Eduard
Sabrià, Aurora
Fuentes, Cristina
Sabaté, Sara
Razquin, Efrén
Cornejo, Thais
Bartolomé, Rosa
Torner, Nuria
Izquierdo, Conchita
Soldevila, Nuria
Coronas, Lorena
Dominguez, Angela
Pintó, Rosa M.
Bosch, Albert
Guix, Susana
author_sort Anfruns-Estrada, Eduard
collection PubMed
description Norovirus infections are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide and across all age groups, with two main genogroups (GI and GII) infecting humans. The aim of our study was to investigate the occurrence of norovirus in saliva samples from individuals involved in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in closed and semiclosed institutions, and its relationship with the virus strain, virus shedding in stool, the occurrence of symptoms, age, and the secretor status of the individual. Epidemiological and clinical information was gathered from norovirus outbreaks occurring in Catalonia, Spain during 2017–2018, and stool and saliva samples were collected from affected and exposed resident individuals and workers. A total of 347 saliva specimens from 25 outbreaks were analyzed. Further, 84% of individuals also provided a paired stool sample. For GII infections, norovirus was detected in 17.9% of saliva samples from symptomatic cases and 5.2% of asymptomatic individuals. Positivity in saliva occurred in both secretors and nonsecretors. None of the individuals infected by norovirus GI was positive for the virus in saliva. Saliva positivity did not correlate with any of the studied symptoms but did correlate with age ≥ 65 years old. Individuals who were positive in saliva showed higher levels of virus shedding in stool. Mean viral load in positive saliva was 3.16 ± 1.08 log(10) genome copies/mL, and the predominance of encapsidated genomes was confirmed by propidium monoazide (PMA)xx-viability RTqPCR assay. The detection of norovirus in saliva raises the possibility of oral-to-oral norovirus transmission during the symptomatic phase and, although to a lesser extent, even in cases of asymptomatic infections.
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spelling pubmed-77614582020-12-26 Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool Anfruns-Estrada, Eduard Sabrià, Aurora Fuentes, Cristina Sabaté, Sara Razquin, Efrén Cornejo, Thais Bartolomé, Rosa Torner, Nuria Izquierdo, Conchita Soldevila, Nuria Coronas, Lorena Dominguez, Angela Pintó, Rosa M. Bosch, Albert Guix, Susana Viruses Article Norovirus infections are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide and across all age groups, with two main genogroups (GI and GII) infecting humans. The aim of our study was to investigate the occurrence of norovirus in saliva samples from individuals involved in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in closed and semiclosed institutions, and its relationship with the virus strain, virus shedding in stool, the occurrence of symptoms, age, and the secretor status of the individual. Epidemiological and clinical information was gathered from norovirus outbreaks occurring in Catalonia, Spain during 2017–2018, and stool and saliva samples were collected from affected and exposed resident individuals and workers. A total of 347 saliva specimens from 25 outbreaks were analyzed. Further, 84% of individuals also provided a paired stool sample. For GII infections, norovirus was detected in 17.9% of saliva samples from symptomatic cases and 5.2% of asymptomatic individuals. Positivity in saliva occurred in both secretors and nonsecretors. None of the individuals infected by norovirus GI was positive for the virus in saliva. Saliva positivity did not correlate with any of the studied symptoms but did correlate with age ≥ 65 years old. Individuals who were positive in saliva showed higher levels of virus shedding in stool. Mean viral load in positive saliva was 3.16 ± 1.08 log(10) genome copies/mL, and the predominance of encapsidated genomes was confirmed by propidium monoazide (PMA)xx-viability RTqPCR assay. The detection of norovirus in saliva raises the possibility of oral-to-oral norovirus transmission during the symptomatic phase and, although to a lesser extent, even in cases of asymptomatic infections. MDPI 2020-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7761458/ /pubmed/33266188 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121369 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Anfruns-Estrada, Eduard
Sabrià, Aurora
Fuentes, Cristina
Sabaté, Sara
Razquin, Efrén
Cornejo, Thais
Bartolomé, Rosa
Torner, Nuria
Izquierdo, Conchita
Soldevila, Nuria
Coronas, Lorena
Dominguez, Angela
Pintó, Rosa M.
Bosch, Albert
Guix, Susana
Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool
title Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool
title_full Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool
title_fullStr Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool
title_short Detection of Norovirus in Saliva Samples from Acute Gastroenteritis Cases and Asymptomatic Subjects: Association with Age and Higher Shedding in Stool
title_sort detection of norovirus in saliva samples from acute gastroenteritis cases and asymptomatic subjects: association with age and higher shedding in stool
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761458/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33266188
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121369
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