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Depicting HIV-1 Transcriptional Mechanisms: A Summary of What We Know

Despite the introduction of combinatory antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 infection cannot be cured and is still one of the major health issues worldwide. Indeed, as soon as cART is interrupted, a rapid rebound of viremia is observed. The establishment of viral latency and the persistence of the...

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Autores principales: Dutilleul, Antoine, Rodari, Anthony, Van Lint, Carine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33287435
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121385
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author Dutilleul, Antoine
Rodari, Anthony
Van Lint, Carine
author_facet Dutilleul, Antoine
Rodari, Anthony
Van Lint, Carine
author_sort Dutilleul, Antoine
collection PubMed
description Despite the introduction of combinatory antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 infection cannot be cured and is still one of the major health issues worldwide. Indeed, as soon as cART is interrupted, a rapid rebound of viremia is observed. The establishment of viral latency and the persistence of the virus in cellular reservoirs constitute the main barrier to HIV eradication. For this reason, new therapeutic approaches have emerged to purge or restrain the HIV-1 reservoirs in order to cure infected patients. However, the viral latency is a multifactorial process that depends on various cellular mechanisms. Since these new therapies mainly target viral transcription, their development requires a detailed and precise understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying HIV-1 transcription. In this review, we discuss the complex molecular transcriptional network regulating HIV-1 gene expression by focusing on the involvement of host cell factors that could be used as potential drug targets to design new therapeutic strategies and, to a larger extent, to reach an HIV-1 functional cure.
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spelling pubmed-77618572020-12-26 Depicting HIV-1 Transcriptional Mechanisms: A Summary of What We Know Dutilleul, Antoine Rodari, Anthony Van Lint, Carine Viruses Review Despite the introduction of combinatory antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 infection cannot be cured and is still one of the major health issues worldwide. Indeed, as soon as cART is interrupted, a rapid rebound of viremia is observed. The establishment of viral latency and the persistence of the virus in cellular reservoirs constitute the main barrier to HIV eradication. For this reason, new therapeutic approaches have emerged to purge or restrain the HIV-1 reservoirs in order to cure infected patients. However, the viral latency is a multifactorial process that depends on various cellular mechanisms. Since these new therapies mainly target viral transcription, their development requires a detailed and precise understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying HIV-1 transcription. In this review, we discuss the complex molecular transcriptional network regulating HIV-1 gene expression by focusing on the involvement of host cell factors that could be used as potential drug targets to design new therapeutic strategies and, to a larger extent, to reach an HIV-1 functional cure. MDPI 2020-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7761857/ /pubmed/33287435 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121385 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dutilleul, Antoine
Rodari, Anthony
Van Lint, Carine
Depicting HIV-1 Transcriptional Mechanisms: A Summary of What We Know
title Depicting HIV-1 Transcriptional Mechanisms: A Summary of What We Know
title_full Depicting HIV-1 Transcriptional Mechanisms: A Summary of What We Know
title_fullStr Depicting HIV-1 Transcriptional Mechanisms: A Summary of What We Know
title_full_unstemmed Depicting HIV-1 Transcriptional Mechanisms: A Summary of What We Know
title_short Depicting HIV-1 Transcriptional Mechanisms: A Summary of What We Know
title_sort depicting hiv-1 transcriptional mechanisms: a summary of what we know
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7761857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33287435
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121385
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