Levels of Selected Matrix Metalloproteinases—MMP-1, MMP-2 and Fibronectin in the Saliva of Patients Planned for Endodontic Treatment or Surgical Extraction

Objectives: Composition of saliva reflects the condition of the oral cavity. The aim of the study: Investigation of the concentrations of MMP-1 (Matrix metalloproteinase-1), MMP-2 (Matrix metalloproteinase-2) and fibronectin in the saliva of patients planned for endodontic treatment or surgical extraction. Material and methods: Seventy-five patients with caries and 14 healthy subjects were included in the study. Subjects were divided into group 1, in which 50 patients were planned for endodontic treatment, and group 2, in which 25 patients were planned for surgical extraction. For the measurements, we used a surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensor. Results: We found higher levels of MMP-1, MMP-2 and fibronectin in the saliva of patients planned for dental treatment than in healthy donors. We found lower concentrations of MMP-2 in subjects planned for surgical extraction, than in patients planned for endodontic treatment; however, there were no such differences in salivary concentrations of MMP-1 and fibronectin. There were no statistically significant differences in MMP-1 concentrations in the saliva before and after any type of dental treatment, but contrary to that, we found a statistically significant decrease in MMP-2 concentrations after endodontic treatment and after surgical extraction. We found a significant rise in the concentrations of fibronectin after surgical extraction but not after endodontic treatment. Conclusions: The concentrations of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in the saliva of our patients with caries were increased in comparison to healthy individuals, but after the treatment—so sanation of the oral cavity—we noted a decrease in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) levels. MMPs can be found in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva, carious dentin and plaque. According to our observations, the main source of MMPs in patients with caries is probably carious dentin. Increase in the salivary levels of fibronectin (FN) after surgical extraction may be connected with soft tissue injury caused by surgical extraction. Our results are another example of the fact that higher salivary concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2 and FN can reflect the health status of the oral cavity in patients with caries.