Rapid determination of remdesivir (SARS-CoV-2 drug) in human plasma for therapeutic drug monitoring in COVID-19-Patients

To tackle the harmful consequences of the widespread COVID-19 pandemic, a broad-spectrum anti-viral drug remdesivir (RDV) has gained the utmost attention recently due to its promising application in treating COVID-19 patients. However, a fast and sensitive analytical methodology is important to monitor RDV drug profile in human plasma for pharmacokinetics (PK) and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). In this study, we demonstrate an improved vortex-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-SI-LLME) technique coupled with UHPLC-PDA and UHPLC-MS/MS for rapid determination of RDV in human plasma. This technique involves simple one-step protein precipitation with hydrochloric acid and subsequent extraction with acetonitrile for analysis. Under the optimal VA-SI-LLME conditions (500 μL of acetonitrile with 2.5 g ammonium sulfate under 2 min vortex extraction), method validation results indicated an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9969 for UHPLC-PDA (monitored at 254 nm) and 0.9990 for UHPLC-MS/MS (monitored at electrospray ionization with + ion mode transitions of m/z 603.1→m/z 402.20 and m/z 603.1→ m/z 199.90). The detection and quantification limits were 1.5 and 5 ng/mL for UHPLC/PDA, and 0.3 and 1 ng/mL for UHPLC-MS/MS, respectively. The developed method showed excellent extraction recoveries between 90.79–116.74 % and 85.68–101.34 % with intraday and interday precision ≤ 9.59 for both methods. These results proved that the developed method is a simple, fast, and sensitive analytical method that can be applied as a standard analytical tool for PK and TDM studies of RDV in clinical trials during the current worldwide outbreak.