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Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases (ChILD) in 2020

The term children interstitial lung diseases (chILD) refers to a heterogeneous group of rare diseases that diffusely affect the lung. ChILD specific to children younger than 2 years of age include diffuse developmental disorders, growth abnormalities, specific conditions of undefined etiology (neuro...

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Autores principales: Ferraro, Valentina Agnese, Zanconato, Stefania, Zamunaro, Andrea, Carraro, Silvia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33316882
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7120280
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author Ferraro, Valentina Agnese
Zanconato, Stefania
Zamunaro, Andrea
Carraro, Silvia
author_facet Ferraro, Valentina Agnese
Zanconato, Stefania
Zamunaro, Andrea
Carraro, Silvia
author_sort Ferraro, Valentina Agnese
collection PubMed
description The term children interstitial lung diseases (chILD) refers to a heterogeneous group of rare diseases that diffusely affect the lung. ChILD specific to children younger than 2 years of age include diffuse developmental disorders, growth abnormalities, specific conditions of undefined etiology (neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis) and surfactant protein disorders. Clinical manifestations are highly variable, ranging from the absence of relevant symptoms to a severe onset. Most commonly, chILD presents with nonspecific respiratory signs and symptoms, such as dyspnea, polypnea, dry cough, wheezing, recurrent respiratory infections and exercise intolerance. In the diagnostic approach to a child with suspected ILD, chest high resolution computed tomography and genetic tests play a central role. Then, if the diagnosis remains uncertain, laryngotracheal-bronchoscopy and lung biopsy are needed. Pharmacological treatment is mostly empiric and based on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Despite chILD overall rarity, pediatric pulmonologists must be familiar with these diseases in order to carry out a timely diagnosis and patient treatment.
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spelling pubmed-77630712020-12-27 Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases (ChILD) in 2020 Ferraro, Valentina Agnese Zanconato, Stefania Zamunaro, Andrea Carraro, Silvia Children (Basel) Review The term children interstitial lung diseases (chILD) refers to a heterogeneous group of rare diseases that diffusely affect the lung. ChILD specific to children younger than 2 years of age include diffuse developmental disorders, growth abnormalities, specific conditions of undefined etiology (neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis) and surfactant protein disorders. Clinical manifestations are highly variable, ranging from the absence of relevant symptoms to a severe onset. Most commonly, chILD presents with nonspecific respiratory signs and symptoms, such as dyspnea, polypnea, dry cough, wheezing, recurrent respiratory infections and exercise intolerance. In the diagnostic approach to a child with suspected ILD, chest high resolution computed tomography and genetic tests play a central role. Then, if the diagnosis remains uncertain, laryngotracheal-bronchoscopy and lung biopsy are needed. Pharmacological treatment is mostly empiric and based on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs including corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Despite chILD overall rarity, pediatric pulmonologists must be familiar with these diseases in order to carry out a timely diagnosis and patient treatment. MDPI 2020-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7763071/ /pubmed/33316882 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7120280 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ferraro, Valentina Agnese
Zanconato, Stefania
Zamunaro, Andrea
Carraro, Silvia
Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases (ChILD) in 2020
title Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases (ChILD) in 2020
title_full Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases (ChILD) in 2020
title_fullStr Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases (ChILD) in 2020
title_full_unstemmed Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases (ChILD) in 2020
title_short Children’s Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Diseases (ChILD) in 2020
title_sort children’s interstitial and diffuse lung diseases (child) in 2020
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763071/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33316882
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7120280
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