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The Ketogenic Diet Increases In Vivo Glutathione Levels in Patients with Epilepsy

The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been utilized as the first line treatment for contrasting intractable epilepsy. It is responsible for the presence of ketone bodies in blood, whose neuroprotective effect has been widely shown in recent years but remains unclear....

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Autores principales: Napolitano, Antonio, Longo, Daniela, Lucignani, Martina, Pasquini, Luca, Rossi-Espagnet, Maria Camilla, Lucignani, Giulia, Maiorana, Arianna, Elia, Domenica, De Liso, Paola, Dionisi-Vici, Carlo, Cusmai, Raffaella
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763157/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33321705
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10120504
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author Napolitano, Antonio
Longo, Daniela
Lucignani, Martina
Pasquini, Luca
Rossi-Espagnet, Maria Camilla
Lucignani, Giulia
Maiorana, Arianna
Elia, Domenica
De Liso, Paola
Dionisi-Vici, Carlo
Cusmai, Raffaella
author_facet Napolitano, Antonio
Longo, Daniela
Lucignani, Martina
Pasquini, Luca
Rossi-Espagnet, Maria Camilla
Lucignani, Giulia
Maiorana, Arianna
Elia, Domenica
De Liso, Paola
Dionisi-Vici, Carlo
Cusmai, Raffaella
author_sort Napolitano, Antonio
collection PubMed
description The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been utilized as the first line treatment for contrasting intractable epilepsy. It is responsible for the presence of ketone bodies in blood, whose neuroprotective effect has been widely shown in recent years but remains unclear. Since glutathione (GSH) is implicated in oxidation-reduction reactions, our aim was to monitor the effects of KD on GSH brain levels by means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS was acquired from 16 KD patients and seven age-matched Healthy Controls (HC). We estimated metabolite concentrations with linear combination model (LCModel), assessing differences between KD and HC with t-test. Pearson was used to investigate GHS correlations with blood serum 3-B-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) concentrations and with number of weekly epileptic seizures. The results have shown higher levels of brain GSH for KD patients (2.5 ± 0.5 mM) compared to HC (2.0 ± 0.5 mM). Both blood serum 3HB and number of seizures did not correlate with GSH concentration. The present study showed a significant increase in GSH in the brain of epileptic children treated with KD, reproducing for the first time in humans what was previously observed in animal studies. Our results may suggest a pivotal role of GSH in the antioxidant neuroprotective effect of KD in the human brain.
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spelling pubmed-77631572020-12-27 The Ketogenic Diet Increases In Vivo Glutathione Levels in Patients with Epilepsy Napolitano, Antonio Longo, Daniela Lucignani, Martina Pasquini, Luca Rossi-Espagnet, Maria Camilla Lucignani, Giulia Maiorana, Arianna Elia, Domenica De Liso, Paola Dionisi-Vici, Carlo Cusmai, Raffaella Metabolites Article The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that has been utilized as the first line treatment for contrasting intractable epilepsy. It is responsible for the presence of ketone bodies in blood, whose neuroprotective effect has been widely shown in recent years but remains unclear. Since glutathione (GSH) is implicated in oxidation-reduction reactions, our aim was to monitor the effects of KD on GSH brain levels by means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS was acquired from 16 KD patients and seven age-matched Healthy Controls (HC). We estimated metabolite concentrations with linear combination model (LCModel), assessing differences between KD and HC with t-test. Pearson was used to investigate GHS correlations with blood serum 3-B-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) concentrations and with number of weekly epileptic seizures. The results have shown higher levels of brain GSH for KD patients (2.5 ± 0.5 mM) compared to HC (2.0 ± 0.5 mM). Both blood serum 3HB and number of seizures did not correlate with GSH concentration. The present study showed a significant increase in GSH in the brain of epileptic children treated with KD, reproducing for the first time in humans what was previously observed in animal studies. Our results may suggest a pivotal role of GSH in the antioxidant neuroprotective effect of KD in the human brain. MDPI 2020-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7763157/ /pubmed/33321705 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10120504 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Napolitano, Antonio
Longo, Daniela
Lucignani, Martina
Pasquini, Luca
Rossi-Espagnet, Maria Camilla
Lucignani, Giulia
Maiorana, Arianna
Elia, Domenica
De Liso, Paola
Dionisi-Vici, Carlo
Cusmai, Raffaella
The Ketogenic Diet Increases In Vivo Glutathione Levels in Patients with Epilepsy
title The Ketogenic Diet Increases In Vivo Glutathione Levels in Patients with Epilepsy
title_full The Ketogenic Diet Increases In Vivo Glutathione Levels in Patients with Epilepsy
title_fullStr The Ketogenic Diet Increases In Vivo Glutathione Levels in Patients with Epilepsy
title_full_unstemmed The Ketogenic Diet Increases In Vivo Glutathione Levels in Patients with Epilepsy
title_short The Ketogenic Diet Increases In Vivo Glutathione Levels in Patients with Epilepsy
title_sort ketogenic diet increases in vivo glutathione levels in patients with epilepsy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763157/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33321705
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10120504
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