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Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies
The increasing annual emissions of iron ore tailings have proved a great threat to the natural environment, and the shortage of natural river sand, as well as the pursuit of sustainable development materials, provides motivation to reuse iron ore tailings as a fine aggregate in concrete. Due to the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33317177 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245614 |
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author | Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhilu Yin, Shaoning Yu, Linwen |
author_facet | Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhilu Yin, Shaoning Yu, Linwen |
author_sort | Zhang, Zhiqiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | The increasing annual emissions of iron ore tailings have proved a great threat to the natural environment, and the shortage of natural river sand, as well as the pursuit of sustainable development materials, provides motivation to reuse iron ore tailings as a fine aggregate in concrete. Due to the significantly different properties of iron tailings sand compared with natural river sand—such as the higher density, higher content of limestone particles smaller than 75 μm and its rough and angular shape—concretes prepared with iron tailings sand show remarkably higher shrinkage. This study presents the shrinkage characterization and shrinkage-reducing efficiency of three different methods on iron tailings, sand concrete and river sand concrete. The internal humidity was also monitored to reveal the shrinkage-reducing mechanism. The obtained results indicated that the autogenous and total shrinkage of iron tailings sand concrete were 9.8% and 13.3% higher than the river sand concrete at the age of 90 d, respectively. The shrinkage reducing agent (SRA) was the most effective shrinkage reducing method for river sand concrete, while for iron tailings sand concrete, super absorbent polymer (SAP) and controlled permeable formwork liner (CPFL) it worked best on autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage, respectively. Furthermore, the shrinkage mitigation strategies worked earlier for the drying shrinkage behavior of iron tailings sand concrete, while no such condition could be found for autogenous shrinkage. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7763295 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77632952020-12-27 Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhilu Yin, Shaoning Yu, Linwen Materials (Basel) Article The increasing annual emissions of iron ore tailings have proved a great threat to the natural environment, and the shortage of natural river sand, as well as the pursuit of sustainable development materials, provides motivation to reuse iron ore tailings as a fine aggregate in concrete. Due to the significantly different properties of iron tailings sand compared with natural river sand—such as the higher density, higher content of limestone particles smaller than 75 μm and its rough and angular shape—concretes prepared with iron tailings sand show remarkably higher shrinkage. This study presents the shrinkage characterization and shrinkage-reducing efficiency of three different methods on iron tailings, sand concrete and river sand concrete. The internal humidity was also monitored to reveal the shrinkage-reducing mechanism. The obtained results indicated that the autogenous and total shrinkage of iron tailings sand concrete were 9.8% and 13.3% higher than the river sand concrete at the age of 90 d, respectively. The shrinkage reducing agent (SRA) was the most effective shrinkage reducing method for river sand concrete, while for iron tailings sand concrete, super absorbent polymer (SAP) and controlled permeable formwork liner (CPFL) it worked best on autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage, respectively. Furthermore, the shrinkage mitigation strategies worked earlier for the drying shrinkage behavior of iron tailings sand concrete, while no such condition could be found for autogenous shrinkage. MDPI 2020-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7763295/ /pubmed/33317177 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245614 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhilu Yin, Shaoning Yu, Linwen Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies |
title | Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies |
title_full | Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies |
title_fullStr | Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies |
title_full_unstemmed | Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies |
title_short | Utilization of Iron Tailings Sand as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative to Natural River Sand in High-Strength Concrete: Shrinkage Characterization and Mitigation Strategies |
title_sort | utilization of iron tailings sand as an environmentally friendly alternative to natural river sand in high-strength concrete: shrinkage characterization and mitigation strategies |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763295/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33317177 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245614 |
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