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Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa

Respiratory viruses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population, underscoring the importance of ongoing basic research into virus–host interactions. However, many critical aspects of infection are difficult, if not impossible, to probe using standard cell lines, 2D...

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Autores principales: Iverson, Ethan, Kaler, Logan, Agostino, Eva L., Song, Daniel, Duncan, Gregg A., Scull, Margaret A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33322395
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121425
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author Iverson, Ethan
Kaler, Logan
Agostino, Eva L.
Song, Daniel
Duncan, Gregg A.
Scull, Margaret A.
author_facet Iverson, Ethan
Kaler, Logan
Agostino, Eva L.
Song, Daniel
Duncan, Gregg A.
Scull, Margaret A.
author_sort Iverson, Ethan
collection PubMed
description Respiratory viruses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population, underscoring the importance of ongoing basic research into virus–host interactions. However, many critical aspects of infection are difficult, if not impossible, to probe using standard cell lines, 2D culture formats, or even animal models. In vitro systems such as airway epithelial cultures at air–liquid interface, organoids, or ‘on-chip’ technologies allow interrogation in human cells and recapitulate emergent properties of the airway epithelium—the primary target for respiratory virus infection. While some of these models have been used for over thirty years, ongoing advancements in both culture techniques and analytical tools continue to provide new opportunities to investigate airway epithelial biology and viral infection phenotypes in both normal and diseased host backgrounds. Here we review these models and their application to studying respiratory viruses. Furthermore, given the ability of these systems to recapitulate the extracellular microenvironment, we evaluate their potential to serve as a platform for studies specifically addressing viral interactions at the mucosal surface and detail techniques that can be employed to expand our understanding.
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spelling pubmed-77636862020-12-27 Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa Iverson, Ethan Kaler, Logan Agostino, Eva L. Song, Daniel Duncan, Gregg A. Scull, Margaret A. Viruses Review Respiratory viruses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the human population, underscoring the importance of ongoing basic research into virus–host interactions. However, many critical aspects of infection are difficult, if not impossible, to probe using standard cell lines, 2D culture formats, or even animal models. In vitro systems such as airway epithelial cultures at air–liquid interface, organoids, or ‘on-chip’ technologies allow interrogation in human cells and recapitulate emergent properties of the airway epithelium—the primary target for respiratory virus infection. While some of these models have been used for over thirty years, ongoing advancements in both culture techniques and analytical tools continue to provide new opportunities to investigate airway epithelial biology and viral infection phenotypes in both normal and diseased host backgrounds. Here we review these models and their application to studying respiratory viruses. Furthermore, given the ability of these systems to recapitulate the extracellular microenvironment, we evaluate their potential to serve as a platform for studies specifically addressing viral interactions at the mucosal surface and detail techniques that can be employed to expand our understanding. MDPI 2020-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7763686/ /pubmed/33322395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121425 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Iverson, Ethan
Kaler, Logan
Agostino, Eva L.
Song, Daniel
Duncan, Gregg A.
Scull, Margaret A.
Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa
title Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa
title_full Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa
title_fullStr Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa
title_full_unstemmed Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa
title_short Leveraging 3D Model Systems to Understand Viral Interactions with the Respiratory Mucosa
title_sort leveraging 3d model systems to understand viral interactions with the respiratory mucosa
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7763686/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33322395
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121425
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