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Structural Diversity and Highly Specific Host-Pathogen Transcriptional Regulation of Defensin Genes Is Revealed in Tomato
Defensins are small and rather ubiquitous cysteine-rich anti-microbial peptides. These proteins may act against pathogenic microorganisms either directly (by binding and disrupting membranes) or indirectly (as signaling molecules that participate in the organization of the cellular defense). Even th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7764197/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33317090 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249380 |
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author | Nikoloudakis, Nikolaos Pappi, Polyxeni Markakis, Emmanouil A. Charova, Spyridoula N. Fanourakis, Dimitrios Paschalidis, Konstantinos Delis, Costas Tzortzakakis, Emmanuel A. Tsaniklidis, Georgios |
author_facet | Nikoloudakis, Nikolaos Pappi, Polyxeni Markakis, Emmanouil A. Charova, Spyridoula N. Fanourakis, Dimitrios Paschalidis, Konstantinos Delis, Costas Tzortzakakis, Emmanuel A. Tsaniklidis, Georgios |
author_sort | Nikoloudakis, Nikolaos |
collection | PubMed |
description | Defensins are small and rather ubiquitous cysteine-rich anti-microbial peptides. These proteins may act against pathogenic microorganisms either directly (by binding and disrupting membranes) or indirectly (as signaling molecules that participate in the organization of the cellular defense). Even though defensins are widespread across eukaryotes, still, extensive nucleotide and amino acid dissimilarities hamper the elucidation of their response to stimuli and mode of function. In the current study, we screened the Solanum lycopersicum genome for the identification of defensin genes, predicted the relating protein structures, and further studied their transcriptional responses to biotic (Verticillium dahliae, Meloidogyne javanica, Cucumber Mosaic Virus, and Potato Virus Y infections) and abiotic (cold stress) stimuli. Tomato defensin sequences were classified into two groups (C8 and C12). Our data indicate that the transcription of defensin coding genes primarily depends on the specific pathogen recognition patterns of V. dahliae and M. javanica. The immunodetection of plant defensin 1 protein was achieved only in the roots of plants inoculated with V. dahliae. In contrast, the almost null effects of viral infections and cold stress, and the failure to substantially induce the gene transcription suggest that these factors are probably not primarily targeted by the tomato defensin network. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7764197 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77641972020-12-27 Structural Diversity and Highly Specific Host-Pathogen Transcriptional Regulation of Defensin Genes Is Revealed in Tomato Nikoloudakis, Nikolaos Pappi, Polyxeni Markakis, Emmanouil A. Charova, Spyridoula N. Fanourakis, Dimitrios Paschalidis, Konstantinos Delis, Costas Tzortzakakis, Emmanuel A. Tsaniklidis, Georgios Int J Mol Sci Article Defensins are small and rather ubiquitous cysteine-rich anti-microbial peptides. These proteins may act against pathogenic microorganisms either directly (by binding and disrupting membranes) or indirectly (as signaling molecules that participate in the organization of the cellular defense). Even though defensins are widespread across eukaryotes, still, extensive nucleotide and amino acid dissimilarities hamper the elucidation of their response to stimuli and mode of function. In the current study, we screened the Solanum lycopersicum genome for the identification of defensin genes, predicted the relating protein structures, and further studied their transcriptional responses to biotic (Verticillium dahliae, Meloidogyne javanica, Cucumber Mosaic Virus, and Potato Virus Y infections) and abiotic (cold stress) stimuli. Tomato defensin sequences were classified into two groups (C8 and C12). Our data indicate that the transcription of defensin coding genes primarily depends on the specific pathogen recognition patterns of V. dahliae and M. javanica. The immunodetection of plant defensin 1 protein was achieved only in the roots of plants inoculated with V. dahliae. In contrast, the almost null effects of viral infections and cold stress, and the failure to substantially induce the gene transcription suggest that these factors are probably not primarily targeted by the tomato defensin network. MDPI 2020-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7764197/ /pubmed/33317090 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249380 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Nikoloudakis, Nikolaos Pappi, Polyxeni Markakis, Emmanouil A. Charova, Spyridoula N. Fanourakis, Dimitrios Paschalidis, Konstantinos Delis, Costas Tzortzakakis, Emmanuel A. Tsaniklidis, Georgios Structural Diversity and Highly Specific Host-Pathogen Transcriptional Regulation of Defensin Genes Is Revealed in Tomato |
title | Structural Diversity and Highly Specific Host-Pathogen Transcriptional Regulation of Defensin Genes Is Revealed in Tomato |
title_full | Structural Diversity and Highly Specific Host-Pathogen Transcriptional Regulation of Defensin Genes Is Revealed in Tomato |
title_fullStr | Structural Diversity and Highly Specific Host-Pathogen Transcriptional Regulation of Defensin Genes Is Revealed in Tomato |
title_full_unstemmed | Structural Diversity and Highly Specific Host-Pathogen Transcriptional Regulation of Defensin Genes Is Revealed in Tomato |
title_short | Structural Diversity and Highly Specific Host-Pathogen Transcriptional Regulation of Defensin Genes Is Revealed in Tomato |
title_sort | structural diversity and highly specific host-pathogen transcriptional regulation of defensin genes is revealed in tomato |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7764197/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33317090 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249380 |
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