In Vivo Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Prostanit, a Novel Anti-PAD NO-Donating Alprostadil-Based Drug

Prostanit is a novel drug developed for the treatment of peripheral arterial diseases. It consists of a prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) moiety with two nitric oxide (NO) donor fragments, which provide a combined vasodilation effect on smooth muscles and vascular spastic reaction. Prostanit pharmacokinetics, however, remains poorly investigated. Thus, the object of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of Prostanit-related and -affected metabolites in rabbit plasma using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach. Besides, NO generation from Prostanit in isolated rat aorta and human smooth muscle cells was studied using the Griess method. In plasma, Prostanit was rapidly metabolized to 1,3-dinitroglycerol (1,3-DNG), PGE(1), and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE(1). Simultaneously, the constant growth of amino acid (proline, 4-hydroxyproline, alanine, phenylalanine, etc.), steroid (androsterone and corticosterone), and purine (adenosine, adenosine-5 monophosphate, and guanosine) levels was observed. Glycine, aspartate, cortisol, and testosterone levels were decreased. Ex vivo Prostanit induced both NO synthase-dependent and -independent NO generation. The observed pharmacokinetic properties suggested some novel beneficial activities (i.e., effect prolongation and anti-inflammation). These properties may provide a basis for future research of the effectiveness and safety of Prostanit, as well as for its characterization from a clinical perspective.