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Ionone Is More than a Violet’s Fragrance: A Review
The term ionone is derived from “iona” (Greek for violet) which refers to the violet scent and “ketone” due to its structure. Ionones can either be chemically synthesized or endogenously produced via asymmetric cleavage of β-carotene by β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2). We recently proposed a possible...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7764282/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33321809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245822 |
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author | Aloum, Lujain Alefishat, Eman Adem, Abdu Petroianu, Georg |
author_facet | Aloum, Lujain Alefishat, Eman Adem, Abdu Petroianu, Georg |
author_sort | Aloum, Lujain |
collection | PubMed |
description | The term ionone is derived from “iona” (Greek for violet) which refers to the violet scent and “ketone” due to its structure. Ionones can either be chemically synthesized or endogenously produced via asymmetric cleavage of β-carotene by β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2). We recently proposed a possible metabolic pathway for the conversion of α-and β-pinene into α-and β-ionone. The differences between BCO1 and BCO2 suggest a unique physiological role of BCO2; implying that β-ionone (one of BCO2 products) is involved in a prospective biological function. This review focuses on the effects of ionones and the postulated mechanisms or signaling cascades involved mediating these effects. β-Ionone, whether of an endogenous or exogenous origin possesses a range of pharmacological effects including anticancer, chemopreventive, cancer promoting, melanogenesis, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions. β-Ionone mediates these effects via activation of olfactory receptor (OR51E2) and regulation of the activity or expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, HMG-CoA reductase and pro-inflammatory mediators. α-Ionone and β-ionone derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer effects, however the corresponding structure activity relationships are still inconclusive. Overall, data demonstrates that ionone is a promising scaffold for cancer, inflammation and infectious disease research and thus is more than simply a violet’s fragrance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7764282 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77642822020-12-27 Ionone Is More than a Violet’s Fragrance: A Review Aloum, Lujain Alefishat, Eman Adem, Abdu Petroianu, Georg Molecules Review The term ionone is derived from “iona” (Greek for violet) which refers to the violet scent and “ketone” due to its structure. Ionones can either be chemically synthesized or endogenously produced via asymmetric cleavage of β-carotene by β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2). We recently proposed a possible metabolic pathway for the conversion of α-and β-pinene into α-and β-ionone. The differences between BCO1 and BCO2 suggest a unique physiological role of BCO2; implying that β-ionone (one of BCO2 products) is involved in a prospective biological function. This review focuses on the effects of ionones and the postulated mechanisms or signaling cascades involved mediating these effects. β-Ionone, whether of an endogenous or exogenous origin possesses a range of pharmacological effects including anticancer, chemopreventive, cancer promoting, melanogenesis, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions. β-Ionone mediates these effects via activation of olfactory receptor (OR51E2) and regulation of the activity or expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, HMG-CoA reductase and pro-inflammatory mediators. α-Ionone and β-ionone derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer effects, however the corresponding structure activity relationships are still inconclusive. Overall, data demonstrates that ionone is a promising scaffold for cancer, inflammation and infectious disease research and thus is more than simply a violet’s fragrance. MDPI 2020-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7764282/ /pubmed/33321809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245822 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Aloum, Lujain Alefishat, Eman Adem, Abdu Petroianu, Georg Ionone Is More than a Violet’s Fragrance: A Review |
title | Ionone Is More than a Violet’s Fragrance: A Review |
title_full | Ionone Is More than a Violet’s Fragrance: A Review |
title_fullStr | Ionone Is More than a Violet’s Fragrance: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Ionone Is More than a Violet’s Fragrance: A Review |
title_short | Ionone Is More than a Violet’s Fragrance: A Review |
title_sort | ionone is more than a violet’s fragrance: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7764282/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33321809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245822 |
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