Cargando…
Assessing the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Stones with Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Arabian Population—A CBCT Based Study
The detection of pulp stone in a patient suffering from undiagnosed systemic diseases can be an early diagnostic indicator. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of pulp stones in the Saudi Arabian population with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. In a retrospective st...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7764339/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33322604 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249293 |
_version_ | 1783628233263022080 |
---|---|
author | Srivastava, Kumar Chandan Shrivastava, Deepti Nagarajappa, Anil Kumar Khan, Zafar Ali Alzoubi, Ibrahim A. Mousa, Mohammed Assayed Hamza, May David, Anju P. Al-Johani, Khalid Sghaireen, Mohammed Ghazi Alam, Mohammad Khursheed |
author_facet | Srivastava, Kumar Chandan Shrivastava, Deepti Nagarajappa, Anil Kumar Khan, Zafar Ali Alzoubi, Ibrahim A. Mousa, Mohammed Assayed Hamza, May David, Anju P. Al-Johani, Khalid Sghaireen, Mohammed Ghazi Alam, Mohammad Khursheed |
author_sort | Srivastava, Kumar Chandan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The detection of pulp stone in a patient suffering from undiagnosed systemic diseases can be an early diagnostic indicator. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of pulp stones in the Saudi Arabian population with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. In a retrospective study, we included cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 73 patients with cardiovascular disease and 76 patients with diabetes mellitus as group I and II, respectively. Group III comprised of CBCT scan of 80 healthy controls. From a total of 229 scans, 4807 teeth were screened for pulp stones throughout the arches. A chi-square test was used for comparing the prevalence of pulp stones among the groups. Univariable and multivariable analysis was done to evaluate the independent risk indicators for pulp stones. The tooth-wise prevalence of pulp stones in group I, II, and III was found to be 16.65%, 9.01%, and 3.86%, respectively. Patient-wise (p < 0.01) and tooth-wise (p < 0.01) prevalence was recorded significantly highest in the cardiovascular group followed by the diabetic group. The control group had the least prevalence. Significantly (p < 0.01) higher number of pulp stones were found in cardiovascular patients with age > 50 years compared to other groups. Similarly, a significantly increased number of pulp stones were seen in the 1st molar (p < 0.05) and the maxillary jaw (p < 0.05) of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Subjects with cardiovascular disease and diabetes were found to have 2.94 times (p < 0.001; CI 1.54–3.10) and 1.81 times (p < 0.01; CI 0.48–2.06) higher risk of having pulp stones in comparison to healthy subjects. The first molar has 2.20 times (p < 0.001; CI 0.84–2.45) increased the risk of having pulp stones compared to other tooth types. Systemic disease such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus poses a higher risk for the development of pulp stones. Among the systemic disease group, patients in the cardiovascular group showed a higher risk for pulp stones and also reported the maximum number of pulp stones compared to the diabetic and healthy subjects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7764339 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77643392020-12-27 Assessing the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Stones with Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Arabian Population—A CBCT Based Study Srivastava, Kumar Chandan Shrivastava, Deepti Nagarajappa, Anil Kumar Khan, Zafar Ali Alzoubi, Ibrahim A. Mousa, Mohammed Assayed Hamza, May David, Anju P. Al-Johani, Khalid Sghaireen, Mohammed Ghazi Alam, Mohammad Khursheed Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The detection of pulp stone in a patient suffering from undiagnosed systemic diseases can be an early diagnostic indicator. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of pulp stones in the Saudi Arabian population with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. In a retrospective study, we included cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 73 patients with cardiovascular disease and 76 patients with diabetes mellitus as group I and II, respectively. Group III comprised of CBCT scan of 80 healthy controls. From a total of 229 scans, 4807 teeth were screened for pulp stones throughout the arches. A chi-square test was used for comparing the prevalence of pulp stones among the groups. Univariable and multivariable analysis was done to evaluate the independent risk indicators for pulp stones. The tooth-wise prevalence of pulp stones in group I, II, and III was found to be 16.65%, 9.01%, and 3.86%, respectively. Patient-wise (p < 0.01) and tooth-wise (p < 0.01) prevalence was recorded significantly highest in the cardiovascular group followed by the diabetic group. The control group had the least prevalence. Significantly (p < 0.01) higher number of pulp stones were found in cardiovascular patients with age > 50 years compared to other groups. Similarly, a significantly increased number of pulp stones were seen in the 1st molar (p < 0.05) and the maxillary jaw (p < 0.05) of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Subjects with cardiovascular disease and diabetes were found to have 2.94 times (p < 0.001; CI 1.54–3.10) and 1.81 times (p < 0.01; CI 0.48–2.06) higher risk of having pulp stones in comparison to healthy subjects. The first molar has 2.20 times (p < 0.001; CI 0.84–2.45) increased the risk of having pulp stones compared to other tooth types. Systemic disease such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus poses a higher risk for the development of pulp stones. Among the systemic disease group, patients in the cardiovascular group showed a higher risk for pulp stones and also reported the maximum number of pulp stones compared to the diabetic and healthy subjects. MDPI 2020-12-11 2020-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7764339/ /pubmed/33322604 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249293 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Srivastava, Kumar Chandan Shrivastava, Deepti Nagarajappa, Anil Kumar Khan, Zafar Ali Alzoubi, Ibrahim A. Mousa, Mohammed Assayed Hamza, May David, Anju P. Al-Johani, Khalid Sghaireen, Mohammed Ghazi Alam, Mohammad Khursheed Assessing the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Stones with Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Arabian Population—A CBCT Based Study |
title | Assessing the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Stones with Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Arabian Population—A CBCT Based Study |
title_full | Assessing the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Stones with Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Arabian Population—A CBCT Based Study |
title_fullStr | Assessing the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Stones with Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Arabian Population—A CBCT Based Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Stones with Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Arabian Population—A CBCT Based Study |
title_short | Assessing the Prevalence and Association of Pulp Stones with Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in the Saudi Arabian Population—A CBCT Based Study |
title_sort | assessing the prevalence and association of pulp stones with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in the saudi arabian population—a cbct based study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7764339/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33322604 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249293 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT srivastavakumarchandan assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT shrivastavadeepti assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT nagarajappaanilkumar assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT khanzafarali assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT alzoubiibrahima assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT mousamohammedassayed assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT hamzamay assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT davidanjup assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT aljohanikhalid assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT sghaireenmohammedghazi assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy AT alammohammadkhursheed assessingtheprevalenceandassociationofpulpstoneswithcardiovasculardiseasesanddiabetesmellitusinthesaudiarabianpopulationacbctbasedstudy |