Surgical Strategies and Clinical Outcome of Large to Giant Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas: A Case Series Study

Large to giant sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) remain surgically challenging due to frequent vascular encasement and a tendency for tumoral invasion of the cavernous sinus and optic canal. We aimed to study the quality of resection, postoperative clinical evolution, and recurrence rate of large SWMs. This retrospective study enrolled 21 patients who underwent surgery between January 2014 and December 2019 for SWMs > 5 cm in diameter (average 6.3 cm). Tumor association with cerebral edema, extension into the cavernous sinus or optic canal, degree of encasement of the major intracranial arteries, and tumor resection grade were recorded. Cognitive decline was the most common symptom (65% of patients), followed by visual decline (52%). Infiltration of the cavernous sinus and optical canal were identified in five and six patients, respectively. Varying degrees of arterial encasement were seen. Gross total resection was achieved in 67% of patients. Long-term follow-up revealed improvement in 17 patients (81%), deterioration in two patients (9.5%), and one death (4.7%) directly related to the surgical procedure. Seven patients displayed postoperative tumor progression and two required reintervention 3 years post initial surgery. Tumor size, vascular encasement, and skull base invasion mean that, despite technological advancements, surgical results are dependent on surgical strategy and skill. Appropriate microsurgical techniques can adequately solve arterial encasement but tumor progression remains an issue.