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Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early neurodevelopmental disorder that involves deficits in interpersonal communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Although ASD pathophysiology is still uncertain, alterations in the abnormal development of the frontal lobe, limbic areas, and...

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Autores principales: Galvez-Contreras, Alma Y., Zarate-Lopez, David, Torres-Chavez, Ana L., Gonzalez-Perez, Oscar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7764453/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33302549
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120951
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author Galvez-Contreras, Alma Y.
Zarate-Lopez, David
Torres-Chavez, Ana L.
Gonzalez-Perez, Oscar
author_facet Galvez-Contreras, Alma Y.
Zarate-Lopez, David
Torres-Chavez, Ana L.
Gonzalez-Perez, Oscar
author_sort Galvez-Contreras, Alma Y.
collection PubMed
description Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early neurodevelopmental disorder that involves deficits in interpersonal communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Although ASD pathophysiology is still uncertain, alterations in the abnormal development of the frontal lobe, limbic areas, and putamen generate an imbalance between inhibition and excitation of neuronal activity. Interestingly, recent findings suggest that a disruption in neuronal connectivity is associated with neural alterations in white matter production and myelination in diverse brain regions of patients with ASD. This review is aimed to summarize the most recent evidence that supports the notion that abnormalities in the oligodendrocyte generation and axonal myelination in specific brain regions are involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. Fundamental molecular mediators of these pathological processes are also examined. Determining the role of alterations in oligodendrogenesis and myelination is a fundamental step to understand the pathophysiology of ASD and identify possible therapeutic targets.
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spelling pubmed-77644532020-12-27 Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder Galvez-Contreras, Alma Y. Zarate-Lopez, David Torres-Chavez, Ana L. Gonzalez-Perez, Oscar Brain Sci Review Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early neurodevelopmental disorder that involves deficits in interpersonal communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Although ASD pathophysiology is still uncertain, alterations in the abnormal development of the frontal lobe, limbic areas, and putamen generate an imbalance between inhibition and excitation of neuronal activity. Interestingly, recent findings suggest that a disruption in neuronal connectivity is associated with neural alterations in white matter production and myelination in diverse brain regions of patients with ASD. This review is aimed to summarize the most recent evidence that supports the notion that abnormalities in the oligodendrocyte generation and axonal myelination in specific brain regions are involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. Fundamental molecular mediators of these pathological processes are also examined. Determining the role of alterations in oligodendrogenesis and myelination is a fundamental step to understand the pathophysiology of ASD and identify possible therapeutic targets. MDPI 2020-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7764453/ /pubmed/33302549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120951 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Galvez-Contreras, Alma Y.
Zarate-Lopez, David
Torres-Chavez, Ana L.
Gonzalez-Perez, Oscar
Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_fullStr Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_short Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
title_sort role of oligodendrocytes and myelin in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7764453/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33302549
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120951
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