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The Role of BAR Proteins and the Glycocalyx in Brain Endothelium Transcytosis

Within the brain, endothelial cells lining the blood vessels meticulously coordinate the transport of nutrients, energy metabolites and other macromolecules essential in maintaining an appropriate activity of the brain. While small molecules are pumped across specialised molecular transporters, larg...

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Autores principales: Leite, Diana M., Matias, Diana, Battaglia, Giuseppe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33327645
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122685
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author Leite, Diana M.
Matias, Diana
Battaglia, Giuseppe
author_facet Leite, Diana M.
Matias, Diana
Battaglia, Giuseppe
author_sort Leite, Diana M.
collection PubMed
description Within the brain, endothelial cells lining the blood vessels meticulously coordinate the transport of nutrients, energy metabolites and other macromolecules essential in maintaining an appropriate activity of the brain. While small molecules are pumped across specialised molecular transporters, large macromolecular cargos are shuttled from one side to the other through membrane-bound carriers formed by endocytosis on one side, trafficked to the other side and released by exocytosis. Such a process is collectively known as transcytosis. The brain endothelium is recognised to possess an intricate vesicular endosomal network that mediates the transcellular transport of cargos from blood-to-brain and brain-to-blood. However, mounting evidence suggests that brain endothelial cells (BECs) employ a more direct route via tubular carriers for a fast and efficient transport from the blood to the brain. Here, we compile the mechanism of transcytosis in BECs, in which we highlight intracellular trafficking mediated by tubulation, and emphasise the possible role in transcytosis of the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) proteins and glycocalyx (GC)—a layer of sugars covering BECs, in transcytosis. Both BAR proteins and the GC are intrinsically associated with cell membranes and involved in the modulation and shaping of these membranes. Hence, we aim to summarise the machinery involved in transcytosis in BECs and highlight an uncovered role of BAR proteins and the GC at the brain endothelium.
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spelling pubmed-77651292020-12-27 The Role of BAR Proteins and the Glycocalyx in Brain Endothelium Transcytosis Leite, Diana M. Matias, Diana Battaglia, Giuseppe Cells Review Within the brain, endothelial cells lining the blood vessels meticulously coordinate the transport of nutrients, energy metabolites and other macromolecules essential in maintaining an appropriate activity of the brain. While small molecules are pumped across specialised molecular transporters, large macromolecular cargos are shuttled from one side to the other through membrane-bound carriers formed by endocytosis on one side, trafficked to the other side and released by exocytosis. Such a process is collectively known as transcytosis. The brain endothelium is recognised to possess an intricate vesicular endosomal network that mediates the transcellular transport of cargos from blood-to-brain and brain-to-blood. However, mounting evidence suggests that brain endothelial cells (BECs) employ a more direct route via tubular carriers for a fast and efficient transport from the blood to the brain. Here, we compile the mechanism of transcytosis in BECs, in which we highlight intracellular trafficking mediated by tubulation, and emphasise the possible role in transcytosis of the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) proteins and glycocalyx (GC)—a layer of sugars covering BECs, in transcytosis. Both BAR proteins and the GC are intrinsically associated with cell membranes and involved in the modulation and shaping of these membranes. Hence, we aim to summarise the machinery involved in transcytosis in BECs and highlight an uncovered role of BAR proteins and the GC at the brain endothelium. MDPI 2020-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7765129/ /pubmed/33327645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122685 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Leite, Diana M.
Matias, Diana
Battaglia, Giuseppe
The Role of BAR Proteins and the Glycocalyx in Brain Endothelium Transcytosis
title The Role of BAR Proteins and the Glycocalyx in Brain Endothelium Transcytosis
title_full The Role of BAR Proteins and the Glycocalyx in Brain Endothelium Transcytosis
title_fullStr The Role of BAR Proteins and the Glycocalyx in Brain Endothelium Transcytosis
title_full_unstemmed The Role of BAR Proteins and the Glycocalyx in Brain Endothelium Transcytosis
title_short The Role of BAR Proteins and the Glycocalyx in Brain Endothelium Transcytosis
title_sort role of bar proteins and the glycocalyx in brain endothelium transcytosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33327645
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9122685
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