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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression among Farming Populations Worldwide

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the overall prevalence of depression among farming populations globally, and explore any heterogeneity present. Eligible studies were primary research articles published in English, which involved the collection of data for the purpos...

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Autores principales: Hagen, Briana N. M., Winder, Charlotte B., Wootten, Jared, McMullen, Carrie K., Jones-Bitton, Andria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765209/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33333796
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249376
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author Hagen, Briana N. M.
Winder, Charlotte B.
Wootten, Jared
McMullen, Carrie K.
Jones-Bitton, Andria
author_facet Hagen, Briana N. M.
Winder, Charlotte B.
Wootten, Jared
McMullen, Carrie K.
Jones-Bitton, Andria
author_sort Hagen, Briana N. M.
collection PubMed
description A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the overall prevalence of depression among farming populations globally, and explore any heterogeneity present. Eligible studies were primary research articles published in English, which involved the collection of data for the purpose of determining the prevalence of depression among a farming population. Four relevant databases were searched in January 2019. Potential for bias was assessed using a modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool. From 7662 records, 72 articles were deemed relevant and had data extracted. Of these, 45 utilized the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Revised scale (CES-D/DR) to quantify depression, 42 of which were conducted in the United States (U.S.). As a result, meta-analyses were restricted to this geographic location. Substantial heterogeneity was seen in the initial whole-group analysis (I(2) = 97%), and while sub-group exploration suggested a significantly higher prevalence of depression among migrant farm workers (26%, 95% CI = 21–31%) than in studies examining a non-migrant farming population (12%, 95% CI = 8–17%), substantial heterogeneity remained (I(2) = 96%), indicating that the majority of between study variation was due to factors other than sampling error. Additionally, the majority of studies (81%) in migrant farm worker populations were published since 2010, while only 21% of studies in non-migrant farming populations were published in this timeframe. It is possible with recent efforts to de-stigmatize mental illness, participants in more recent studies may be more likely to self-report depressive symptoms. Hence, while it appears that migrant farmworker populations may have an elevated prevalence of depression, it is also apparent that little research in the U.S. has been done to evaluate depression among non-migrant farming populations in recent years. Perhaps a reporting bias may account for some of the difference between the two populations. A research gap also appears to exist in estimating the prevalence of depression among farming populations outside of the US. Assessment for bias at the study level revealed challenges in reporting of key study design elements, as well as potential for selection bias in the majority of studies.
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spelling pubmed-77652092020-12-27 A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression among Farming Populations Worldwide Hagen, Briana N. M. Winder, Charlotte B. Wootten, Jared McMullen, Carrie K. Jones-Bitton, Andria Int J Environ Res Public Health Review A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the overall prevalence of depression among farming populations globally, and explore any heterogeneity present. Eligible studies were primary research articles published in English, which involved the collection of data for the purpose of determining the prevalence of depression among a farming population. Four relevant databases were searched in January 2019. Potential for bias was assessed using a modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool. From 7662 records, 72 articles were deemed relevant and had data extracted. Of these, 45 utilized the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Revised scale (CES-D/DR) to quantify depression, 42 of which were conducted in the United States (U.S.). As a result, meta-analyses were restricted to this geographic location. Substantial heterogeneity was seen in the initial whole-group analysis (I(2) = 97%), and while sub-group exploration suggested a significantly higher prevalence of depression among migrant farm workers (26%, 95% CI = 21–31%) than in studies examining a non-migrant farming population (12%, 95% CI = 8–17%), substantial heterogeneity remained (I(2) = 96%), indicating that the majority of between study variation was due to factors other than sampling error. Additionally, the majority of studies (81%) in migrant farm worker populations were published since 2010, while only 21% of studies in non-migrant farming populations were published in this timeframe. It is possible with recent efforts to de-stigmatize mental illness, participants in more recent studies may be more likely to self-report depressive symptoms. Hence, while it appears that migrant farmworker populations may have an elevated prevalence of depression, it is also apparent that little research in the U.S. has been done to evaluate depression among non-migrant farming populations in recent years. Perhaps a reporting bias may account for some of the difference between the two populations. A research gap also appears to exist in estimating the prevalence of depression among farming populations outside of the US. Assessment for bias at the study level revealed challenges in reporting of key study design elements, as well as potential for selection bias in the majority of studies. MDPI 2020-12-15 2020-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7765209/ /pubmed/33333796 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249376 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hagen, Briana N. M.
Winder, Charlotte B.
Wootten, Jared
McMullen, Carrie K.
Jones-Bitton, Andria
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression among Farming Populations Worldwide
title A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression among Farming Populations Worldwide
title_full A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression among Farming Populations Worldwide
title_fullStr A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression among Farming Populations Worldwide
title_full_unstemmed A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression among Farming Populations Worldwide
title_short A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Depression among Farming Populations Worldwide
title_sort systematic review and meta-analysis of depression among farming populations worldwide
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765209/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33333796
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249376
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