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The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function

Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain sensations, and tactile allodynia. The pain sensory system normally functions under a fine balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropathic pain arises when this balance is lost for some reason. In past reports, various mechanisms of...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Kitayama, Tomoya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33333849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249539
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author Kitayama, Tomoya
author_facet Kitayama, Tomoya
author_sort Kitayama, Tomoya
collection PubMed
description Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain sensations, and tactile allodynia. The pain sensory system normally functions under a fine balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropathic pain arises when this balance is lost for some reason. In past reports, various mechanisms of neuropathic pain development have been reported, one of which is the downregulation of K(+)-Cl(−)-cotransporter-2 (KCC2) expression. In fact, various neuropathic pain models indicate a decrease in KCC2 expression. This decrease in KCC2 expression is often due to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is released from microglia. However, a similar reaction has been reported in astrocytes, and it is unclear whether astrocytes or microglia are more important. This review discusses the hypothesis that astrocytes have a crucial influence on the alteration of KCC2 expression.
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spelling pubmed-77652972020-12-27 The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function Kitayama, Tomoya Int J Mol Sci Review Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain sensations, and tactile allodynia. The pain sensory system normally functions under a fine balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropathic pain arises when this balance is lost for some reason. In past reports, various mechanisms of neuropathic pain development have been reported, one of which is the downregulation of K(+)-Cl(−)-cotransporter-2 (KCC2) expression. In fact, various neuropathic pain models indicate a decrease in KCC2 expression. This decrease in KCC2 expression is often due to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is released from microglia. However, a similar reaction has been reported in astrocytes, and it is unclear whether astrocytes or microglia are more important. This review discusses the hypothesis that astrocytes have a crucial influence on the alteration of KCC2 expression. MDPI 2020-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7765297/ /pubmed/33333849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249539 Text en © 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kitayama, Tomoya
The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function
title The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function
title_full The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function
title_fullStr The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function
title_short The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function
title_sort role of astrocytes in the modulation ofk(+)-cl(−)-cotransporter-2 function
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33333849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249539
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