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The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function
Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain sensations, and tactile allodynia. The pain sensory system normally functions under a fine balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropathic pain arises when this balance is lost for some reason. In past reports, various mechanisms of...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765297/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33333849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249539 |
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author | Kitayama, Tomoya |
author_facet | Kitayama, Tomoya |
author_sort | Kitayama, Tomoya |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain sensations, and tactile allodynia. The pain sensory system normally functions under a fine balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropathic pain arises when this balance is lost for some reason. In past reports, various mechanisms of neuropathic pain development have been reported, one of which is the downregulation of K(+)-Cl(−)-cotransporter-2 (KCC2) expression. In fact, various neuropathic pain models indicate a decrease in KCC2 expression. This decrease in KCC2 expression is often due to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is released from microglia. However, a similar reaction has been reported in astrocytes, and it is unclear whether astrocytes or microglia are more important. This review discusses the hypothesis that astrocytes have a crucial influence on the alteration of KCC2 expression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7765297 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77652972020-12-27 The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function Kitayama, Tomoya Int J Mol Sci Review Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain sensations, and tactile allodynia. The pain sensory system normally functions under a fine balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropathic pain arises when this balance is lost for some reason. In past reports, various mechanisms of neuropathic pain development have been reported, one of which is the downregulation of K(+)-Cl(−)-cotransporter-2 (KCC2) expression. In fact, various neuropathic pain models indicate a decrease in KCC2 expression. This decrease in KCC2 expression is often due to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is released from microglia. However, a similar reaction has been reported in astrocytes, and it is unclear whether astrocytes or microglia are more important. This review discusses the hypothesis that astrocytes have a crucial influence on the alteration of KCC2 expression. MDPI 2020-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7765297/ /pubmed/33333849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249539 Text en © 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kitayama, Tomoya The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function |
title | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function |
title_full | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function |
title_fullStr | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function |
title_short | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK(+)-Cl(−)-Cotransporter-2 Function |
title_sort | role of astrocytes in the modulation ofk(+)-cl(−)-cotransporter-2 function |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765297/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33333849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249539 |
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