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Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods

BACKGROUND: Non-spherical titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles have been increasingly applied in various biomedical and technological fields. Their toxicological characterization is, however, less complete than that of roundish nanoparticles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anatase form TiO(2) nanorods, c...

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Autores principales: Papp, András, Horváth, Tamara, Igaz, Nóra, Gopisetty, Mohana Krishna, Kiricsi, Mónika, Berkesi, Dániel Simon, Kozma, Gábor, Kónya, Zoltán, Wilhelm, Imola, Patai, Roland, Polgár, Tamás Ferenc, Bellák, Tamás, Tiszlavicz, László, Razga, Zsolt, Vezér, Tünde
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765755/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33376320
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S275937
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author Papp, András
Horváth, Tamara
Igaz, Nóra
Gopisetty, Mohana Krishna
Kiricsi, Mónika
Berkesi, Dániel Simon
Kozma, Gábor
Kónya, Zoltán
Wilhelm, Imola
Patai, Roland
Polgár, Tamás Ferenc
Bellák, Tamás
Tiszlavicz, László
Razga, Zsolt
Vezér, Tünde
author_facet Papp, András
Horváth, Tamara
Igaz, Nóra
Gopisetty, Mohana Krishna
Kiricsi, Mónika
Berkesi, Dániel Simon
Kozma, Gábor
Kónya, Zoltán
Wilhelm, Imola
Patai, Roland
Polgár, Tamás Ferenc
Bellák, Tamás
Tiszlavicz, László
Razga, Zsolt
Vezér, Tünde
author_sort Papp, András
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Non-spherical titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles have been increasingly applied in various biomedical and technological fields. Their toxicological characterization is, however, less complete than that of roundish nanoparticles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anatase form TiO(2) nanorods, ca. 15x65 nm in size, were applied to cultured astrocytes in vitro and to the airways of young adult Wistar rats in vivo in 5, 10, and 8 mg/kg BW dose for altogether 28 days. Presence of nanorods and cellular damage was investigated in the astrocytes and in rat lungs and kidneys. Functional damage of the nervous system was studied by electrophysiological methods. RESULTS: The treated astrocytes showed loss of viability without detectable apoptosis. In rats, TiO(2) nanorods applied to the airways reached the blood and various organs including the lungs, kidneys, and the central nervous system. In lung and kidney samples, nanorods were observed within (partly damaged) phagolysosomes and attached to organelles, and apoptotic cell death was also detected. In cortical and peripheral electrophysiological activity, alterations corresponding to energy shortage (resulting possibly from mitochondrial damage) and astrocytic dysfunction were detected. Local titanium levels and relative weight of the investigated organs, apoptotic cell death in the lungs and kidneys, and changes in the central and peripheral nervous activity were mostly proportional to the applied doses, and viability loss of the cultured astrocytes was also dose-dependent, suggesting causal relationship of treatments and effects. CONCLUSION: Based on localization of the visualized nanorods, on neuro-functional changes, and on literature data, the toxic mechanism involved mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death. These indicate potential human toxicity and occupational risk in case of exposure to rod-shaped TiO(2) nanoparticles.
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spelling pubmed-77657552020-12-28 Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods Papp, András Horváth, Tamara Igaz, Nóra Gopisetty, Mohana Krishna Kiricsi, Mónika Berkesi, Dániel Simon Kozma, Gábor Kónya, Zoltán Wilhelm, Imola Patai, Roland Polgár, Tamás Ferenc Bellák, Tamás Tiszlavicz, László Razga, Zsolt Vezér, Tünde Int J Nanomedicine Original Research BACKGROUND: Non-spherical titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles have been increasingly applied in various biomedical and technological fields. Their toxicological characterization is, however, less complete than that of roundish nanoparticles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anatase form TiO(2) nanorods, ca. 15x65 nm in size, were applied to cultured astrocytes in vitro and to the airways of young adult Wistar rats in vivo in 5, 10, and 8 mg/kg BW dose for altogether 28 days. Presence of nanorods and cellular damage was investigated in the astrocytes and in rat lungs and kidneys. Functional damage of the nervous system was studied by electrophysiological methods. RESULTS: The treated astrocytes showed loss of viability without detectable apoptosis. In rats, TiO(2) nanorods applied to the airways reached the blood and various organs including the lungs, kidneys, and the central nervous system. In lung and kidney samples, nanorods were observed within (partly damaged) phagolysosomes and attached to organelles, and apoptotic cell death was also detected. In cortical and peripheral electrophysiological activity, alterations corresponding to energy shortage (resulting possibly from mitochondrial damage) and astrocytic dysfunction were detected. Local titanium levels and relative weight of the investigated organs, apoptotic cell death in the lungs and kidneys, and changes in the central and peripheral nervous activity were mostly proportional to the applied doses, and viability loss of the cultured astrocytes was also dose-dependent, suggesting causal relationship of treatments and effects. CONCLUSION: Based on localization of the visualized nanorods, on neuro-functional changes, and on literature data, the toxic mechanism involved mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death. These indicate potential human toxicity and occupational risk in case of exposure to rod-shaped TiO(2) nanoparticles. Dove 2020-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7765755/ /pubmed/33376320 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S275937 Text en © 2020 Papp et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Papp, András
Horváth, Tamara
Igaz, Nóra
Gopisetty, Mohana Krishna
Kiricsi, Mónika
Berkesi, Dániel Simon
Kozma, Gábor
Kónya, Zoltán
Wilhelm, Imola
Patai, Roland
Polgár, Tamás Ferenc
Bellák, Tamás
Tiszlavicz, László
Razga, Zsolt
Vezér, Tünde
Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods
title Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods
title_full Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods
title_fullStr Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods
title_full_unstemmed Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods
title_short Presence of Titanium and Toxic Effects Observed in Rat Lungs, Kidneys, and Central Nervous System in vivo and in Cultured Astrocytes in vitro on Exposure by Titanium Dioxide Nanorods
title_sort presence of titanium and toxic effects observed in rat lungs, kidneys, and central nervous system in vivo and in cultured astrocytes in vitro on exposure by titanium dioxide nanorods
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7765755/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33376320
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S275937
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