Cargando…

A Velocity Meter for Quantifying Advection Velocity Vectors in Large Water Bodies

A velocity meter was designed and built in order to meet market needs for an affordable instrument that measures the range of velocity magnitudes and direction experienced in medium- to large-sized water bodies. The velocity meter consists of a graduated plate with an injector protruding from the ce...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Allafchi, Farzam, Valeo, Caterina, Chu, Angus, He, Jianxun, Lee, Waltfred, Oshkai, Peter, Neumann, Norman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766435/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33339244
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247204
_version_ 1783628717957840896
author Allafchi, Farzam
Valeo, Caterina
Chu, Angus
He, Jianxun
Lee, Waltfred
Oshkai, Peter
Neumann, Norman
author_facet Allafchi, Farzam
Valeo, Caterina
Chu, Angus
He, Jianxun
Lee, Waltfred
Oshkai, Peter
Neumann, Norman
author_sort Allafchi, Farzam
collection PubMed
description A velocity meter was designed and built in order to meet market needs for an affordable instrument that measures the range of velocity magnitudes and direction experienced in medium- to large-sized water bodies. The velocity meter consists of a graduated plate with an injector protruding from the center and a camera held downward above the plate. Once the Dye Injection Velocity (DIV) meter is in the flow, dye is injected and the camera records the dye fluid transport. The recorded video is analyzed to determine the local flow velocity and direction. The DIV was calibrated for a range of velocities between 0.0094 m/s and 0.1566 m/s using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a flow visualization flume. The accuracy of the instrument was found to be +6.3% and −9.8% of full scale. The coefficient of determination of the calibration curve was equal to 98%. Once calibrated, the DIV was deployed to the Inverness Stormwater pond in Calgary, Canada, for validation tests against an Acoustic Doppler Velocity (ADV) meter. During the validation tests, both flow velocity magnitude and direction were measured at several spatial points. The velocity magnitude results showed good agreement and the Mann-Whitney test showed no statistically significant difference (p-value > 0.05). At two spatial points, the differences between direction data were significant, which could be caused by the random errors involved in the validation test. However, the averaged data showed good agreement.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7766435
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-77664352020-12-28 A Velocity Meter for Quantifying Advection Velocity Vectors in Large Water Bodies Allafchi, Farzam Valeo, Caterina Chu, Angus He, Jianxun Lee, Waltfred Oshkai, Peter Neumann, Norman Sensors (Basel) Letter A velocity meter was designed and built in order to meet market needs for an affordable instrument that measures the range of velocity magnitudes and direction experienced in medium- to large-sized water bodies. The velocity meter consists of a graduated plate with an injector protruding from the center and a camera held downward above the plate. Once the Dye Injection Velocity (DIV) meter is in the flow, dye is injected and the camera records the dye fluid transport. The recorded video is analyzed to determine the local flow velocity and direction. The DIV was calibrated for a range of velocities between 0.0094 m/s and 0.1566 m/s using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a flow visualization flume. The accuracy of the instrument was found to be +6.3% and −9.8% of full scale. The coefficient of determination of the calibration curve was equal to 98%. Once calibrated, the DIV was deployed to the Inverness Stormwater pond in Calgary, Canada, for validation tests against an Acoustic Doppler Velocity (ADV) meter. During the validation tests, both flow velocity magnitude and direction were measured at several spatial points. The velocity magnitude results showed good agreement and the Mann-Whitney test showed no statistically significant difference (p-value > 0.05). At two spatial points, the differences between direction data were significant, which could be caused by the random errors involved in the validation test. However, the averaged data showed good agreement. MDPI 2020-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7766435/ /pubmed/33339244 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247204 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Letter
Allafchi, Farzam
Valeo, Caterina
Chu, Angus
He, Jianxun
Lee, Waltfred
Oshkai, Peter
Neumann, Norman
A Velocity Meter for Quantifying Advection Velocity Vectors in Large Water Bodies
title A Velocity Meter for Quantifying Advection Velocity Vectors in Large Water Bodies
title_full A Velocity Meter for Quantifying Advection Velocity Vectors in Large Water Bodies
title_fullStr A Velocity Meter for Quantifying Advection Velocity Vectors in Large Water Bodies
title_full_unstemmed A Velocity Meter for Quantifying Advection Velocity Vectors in Large Water Bodies
title_short A Velocity Meter for Quantifying Advection Velocity Vectors in Large Water Bodies
title_sort velocity meter for quantifying advection velocity vectors in large water bodies
topic Letter
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766435/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33339244
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247204
work_keys_str_mv AT allafchifarzam avelocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT valeocaterina avelocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT chuangus avelocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT hejianxun avelocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT leewaltfred avelocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT oshkaipeter avelocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT neumannnorman avelocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT allafchifarzam velocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT valeocaterina velocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT chuangus velocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT hejianxun velocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT leewaltfred velocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT oshkaipeter velocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies
AT neumannnorman velocitymeterforquantifyingadvectionvelocityvectorsinlargewaterbodies