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Changes in the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Alpha and Theta Bands during Prayer and Meditation
Focused attention meditation (FAM) is a category of meditation based on an EEG pattern, which helps the wandering mind to focus on a particular object. It seems that prayer may, in certain respects, be similar to FAM. It is believed that emotional experience correlates mainly with theta, but also wi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766487/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33371283 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249567 |
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author | Dobrakowski, Paweł Blaszkiewicz, Michal Skalski, Sebastian |
author_facet | Dobrakowski, Paweł Blaszkiewicz, Michal Skalski, Sebastian |
author_sort | Dobrakowski, Paweł |
collection | PubMed |
description | Focused attention meditation (FAM) is a category of meditation based on an EEG pattern, which helps the wandering mind to focus on a particular object. It seems that prayer may, in certain respects, be similar to FAM. It is believed that emotional experience correlates mainly with theta, but also with selective alpha, with internalized attention correlating mainly with the synchronous activity of theta and alpha. The vast majority of studies indicate a possible impact of transcendence in meditation on the alpha wave in EEG. No such reports are available for prayer. Seventeen women and nineteen men aged 27–64 years with at least five years of intensive meditation/prayer experience were recruited to participate in the study. We identified the two largest groups which remained in the meditation trend originating from the Buddhist system (14 people) (Buddhist meditators) and in the Christian-based faith (15 people) (Christian meditators). EEG signal was recorded with open eyes, closed eyes, during meditation/prayer, and relaxation. After the EEG recording, an examination was conducted using the Scale of Spiritual Transcendence. Buddhist meditators exhibited a statistically significantly higher theta amplitude at Cz during meditation compared to relaxation. Meanwhile, spiritual openness favored a higher theta amplitude at Pz during relaxation. Our study did not reveal statistically significant differences in frontal areas with regard to alpha and theta, which was often indicated in previous studies. It seems necessary to analyze more closely the midline activity in terms of dispersed neural activity integration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7766487 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77664872020-12-28 Changes in the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Alpha and Theta Bands during Prayer and Meditation Dobrakowski, Paweł Blaszkiewicz, Michal Skalski, Sebastian Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Focused attention meditation (FAM) is a category of meditation based on an EEG pattern, which helps the wandering mind to focus on a particular object. It seems that prayer may, in certain respects, be similar to FAM. It is believed that emotional experience correlates mainly with theta, but also with selective alpha, with internalized attention correlating mainly with the synchronous activity of theta and alpha. The vast majority of studies indicate a possible impact of transcendence in meditation on the alpha wave in EEG. No such reports are available for prayer. Seventeen women and nineteen men aged 27–64 years with at least five years of intensive meditation/prayer experience were recruited to participate in the study. We identified the two largest groups which remained in the meditation trend originating from the Buddhist system (14 people) (Buddhist meditators) and in the Christian-based faith (15 people) (Christian meditators). EEG signal was recorded with open eyes, closed eyes, during meditation/prayer, and relaxation. After the EEG recording, an examination was conducted using the Scale of Spiritual Transcendence. Buddhist meditators exhibited a statistically significantly higher theta amplitude at Cz during meditation compared to relaxation. Meanwhile, spiritual openness favored a higher theta amplitude at Pz during relaxation. Our study did not reveal statistically significant differences in frontal areas with regard to alpha and theta, which was often indicated in previous studies. It seems necessary to analyze more closely the midline activity in terms of dispersed neural activity integration. MDPI 2020-12-21 2020-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7766487/ /pubmed/33371283 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249567 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dobrakowski, Paweł Blaszkiewicz, Michal Skalski, Sebastian Changes in the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Alpha and Theta Bands during Prayer and Meditation |
title | Changes in the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Alpha and Theta Bands during Prayer and Meditation |
title_full | Changes in the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Alpha and Theta Bands during Prayer and Meditation |
title_fullStr | Changes in the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Alpha and Theta Bands during Prayer and Meditation |
title_full_unstemmed | Changes in the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Alpha and Theta Bands during Prayer and Meditation |
title_short | Changes in the Electrical Activity of the Brain in the Alpha and Theta Bands during Prayer and Meditation |
title_sort | changes in the electrical activity of the brain in the alpha and theta bands during prayer and meditation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766487/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33371283 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249567 |
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