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The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria
The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has exposed innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to a relatively novel type of particulate matte...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766945/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33353206 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249695 |
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author | Swartzwelter, Benjamin J. Fux, Alexandra C. Johnson, Litty Swart, Elmer Hofer, Sabine Hofstätter, Norbert Geppert, Mark Italiani, Paola Boraschi, Diana Duschl, Albert Himly, Martin |
author_facet | Swartzwelter, Benjamin J. Fux, Alexandra C. Johnson, Litty Swart, Elmer Hofer, Sabine Hofstätter, Norbert Geppert, Mark Italiani, Paola Boraschi, Diana Duschl, Albert Himly, Martin |
author_sort | Swartzwelter, Benjamin J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has exposed innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to a relatively novel type of particulate matter, i.e., engineered nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are not inherently pathogenic, and yet cases have been described in which specific nanoparticle types can either induce innate/inflammatory responses or modulate the activity of activated innate cells. Many of these studies rely upon activation by agonists of toll-like receptors, such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, instead of the more realistic stimulation by whole live organisms. In this review we examine and discuss the effects of nanoparticles on innate immune cells activated by live bacteria. We focus in particular on how nanoparticles may interfere with bacterial processes in the context of innate activation, and confine our scope to the effects due to particles themselves, rather than to molecules adsorbed on the particle surface. Finally, we examine the long-lasting consequences of coexposure to nanoparticles and bacteria, in terms of potential microbiome alterations and innate immune memory, and address nanoparticle-based vaccine strategies against bacterial infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7766945 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77669452020-12-28 The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria Swartzwelter, Benjamin J. Fux, Alexandra C. Johnson, Litty Swart, Elmer Hofer, Sabine Hofstätter, Norbert Geppert, Mark Italiani, Paola Boraschi, Diana Duschl, Albert Himly, Martin Int J Mol Sci Review The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has exposed innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to a relatively novel type of particulate matter, i.e., engineered nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are not inherently pathogenic, and yet cases have been described in which specific nanoparticle types can either induce innate/inflammatory responses or modulate the activity of activated innate cells. Many of these studies rely upon activation by agonists of toll-like receptors, such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, instead of the more realistic stimulation by whole live organisms. In this review we examine and discuss the effects of nanoparticles on innate immune cells activated by live bacteria. We focus in particular on how nanoparticles may interfere with bacterial processes in the context of innate activation, and confine our scope to the effects due to particles themselves, rather than to molecules adsorbed on the particle surface. Finally, we examine the long-lasting consequences of coexposure to nanoparticles and bacteria, in terms of potential microbiome alterations and innate immune memory, and address nanoparticle-based vaccine strategies against bacterial infection. MDPI 2020-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7766945/ /pubmed/33353206 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249695 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Swartzwelter, Benjamin J. Fux, Alexandra C. Johnson, Litty Swart, Elmer Hofer, Sabine Hofstätter, Norbert Geppert, Mark Italiani, Paola Boraschi, Diana Duschl, Albert Himly, Martin The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria |
title | The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria |
title_full | The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria |
title_fullStr | The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria |
title_short | The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria |
title_sort | impact of nanoparticles on innate immune activation by live bacteria |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766945/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33353206 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249695 |
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