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Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Inflammation is a common feature of several diseases, including obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Circadian clock genes are expressed and oscillate in many cell types such as macrophages, neurons and pancreatic β cells. During inflammation, these endogenous clocks control the tempor...

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Autores principales: Vieira, Elaine, Mirizio, Gerardo Gabriel, Barin, Geovana Reichert, de Andrade, Rosângela Vieira, Nimer, Nidah Fawzi Said, La Sala, Lucia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766955/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33371208
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249743
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author Vieira, Elaine
Mirizio, Gerardo Gabriel
Barin, Geovana Reichert
de Andrade, Rosângela Vieira
Nimer, Nidah Fawzi Said
La Sala, Lucia
author_facet Vieira, Elaine
Mirizio, Gerardo Gabriel
Barin, Geovana Reichert
de Andrade, Rosângela Vieira
Nimer, Nidah Fawzi Said
La Sala, Lucia
author_sort Vieira, Elaine
collection PubMed
description Inflammation is a common feature of several diseases, including obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Circadian clock genes are expressed and oscillate in many cell types such as macrophages, neurons and pancreatic β cells. During inflammation, these endogenous clocks control the temporal gating of cytokine production, the antioxidant response, chemokine attraction and insulin secretion, among other processes. Deletion of clock genes in macrophages or brain-resident cells induces a higher production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and this is often accompanied by an increased oxidative stress. In the context of obesity and diabetes, a high-fat diet disrupts the function of clock genes in macrophages and in pancreatic β cells, contributing to inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Recently, it has been shown that the administration of natural and synthetic ligands or pharmacological enhancers of the circadian clock function can selectively regulate the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the metabolic function in vitro and in vivo. Thus, a better understanding of the circadian regulation of the immune system could have important implications for the management of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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spelling pubmed-77669552020-12-28 Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases Vieira, Elaine Mirizio, Gerardo Gabriel Barin, Geovana Reichert de Andrade, Rosângela Vieira Nimer, Nidah Fawzi Said La Sala, Lucia Int J Mol Sci Review Inflammation is a common feature of several diseases, including obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Circadian clock genes are expressed and oscillate in many cell types such as macrophages, neurons and pancreatic β cells. During inflammation, these endogenous clocks control the temporal gating of cytokine production, the antioxidant response, chemokine attraction and insulin secretion, among other processes. Deletion of clock genes in macrophages or brain-resident cells induces a higher production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and this is often accompanied by an increased oxidative stress. In the context of obesity and diabetes, a high-fat diet disrupts the function of clock genes in macrophages and in pancreatic β cells, contributing to inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Recently, it has been shown that the administration of natural and synthetic ligands or pharmacological enhancers of the circadian clock function can selectively regulate the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the metabolic function in vitro and in vivo. Thus, a better understanding of the circadian regulation of the immune system could have important implications for the management of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. MDPI 2020-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7766955/ /pubmed/33371208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249743 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Vieira, Elaine
Mirizio, Gerardo Gabriel
Barin, Geovana Reichert
de Andrade, Rosângela Vieira
Nimer, Nidah Fawzi Said
La Sala, Lucia
Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_fullStr Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_short Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_sort clock genes, inflammation and the immune system—implications for diabetes, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766955/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33371208
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249743
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