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Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Inflammation is a common feature of several diseases, including obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Circadian clock genes are expressed and oscillate in many cell types such as macrophages, neurons and pancreatic β cells. During inflammation, these endogenous clocks control the tempor...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33371208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249743 |
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author | Vieira, Elaine Mirizio, Gerardo Gabriel Barin, Geovana Reichert de Andrade, Rosângela Vieira Nimer, Nidah Fawzi Said La Sala, Lucia |
author_facet | Vieira, Elaine Mirizio, Gerardo Gabriel Barin, Geovana Reichert de Andrade, Rosângela Vieira Nimer, Nidah Fawzi Said La Sala, Lucia |
author_sort | Vieira, Elaine |
collection | PubMed |
description | Inflammation is a common feature of several diseases, including obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Circadian clock genes are expressed and oscillate in many cell types such as macrophages, neurons and pancreatic β cells. During inflammation, these endogenous clocks control the temporal gating of cytokine production, the antioxidant response, chemokine attraction and insulin secretion, among other processes. Deletion of clock genes in macrophages or brain-resident cells induces a higher production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and this is often accompanied by an increased oxidative stress. In the context of obesity and diabetes, a high-fat diet disrupts the function of clock genes in macrophages and in pancreatic β cells, contributing to inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Recently, it has been shown that the administration of natural and synthetic ligands or pharmacological enhancers of the circadian clock function can selectively regulate the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the metabolic function in vitro and in vivo. Thus, a better understanding of the circadian regulation of the immune system could have important implications for the management of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7766955 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77669552020-12-28 Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases Vieira, Elaine Mirizio, Gerardo Gabriel Barin, Geovana Reichert de Andrade, Rosângela Vieira Nimer, Nidah Fawzi Said La Sala, Lucia Int J Mol Sci Review Inflammation is a common feature of several diseases, including obesity, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Circadian clock genes are expressed and oscillate in many cell types such as macrophages, neurons and pancreatic β cells. During inflammation, these endogenous clocks control the temporal gating of cytokine production, the antioxidant response, chemokine attraction and insulin secretion, among other processes. Deletion of clock genes in macrophages or brain-resident cells induces a higher production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and this is often accompanied by an increased oxidative stress. In the context of obesity and diabetes, a high-fat diet disrupts the function of clock genes in macrophages and in pancreatic β cells, contributing to inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. Recently, it has been shown that the administration of natural and synthetic ligands or pharmacological enhancers of the circadian clock function can selectively regulate the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the metabolic function in vitro and in vivo. Thus, a better understanding of the circadian regulation of the immune system could have important implications for the management of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. MDPI 2020-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7766955/ /pubmed/33371208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249743 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Vieira, Elaine Mirizio, Gerardo Gabriel Barin, Geovana Reichert de Andrade, Rosângela Vieira Nimer, Nidah Fawzi Said La Sala, Lucia Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_full | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_fullStr | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_short | Clock Genes, Inflammation and the Immune System—Implications for Diabetes, Obesity and Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_sort | clock genes, inflammation and the immune system—implications for diabetes, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33371208 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249743 |
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