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Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005)
The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between 2nd and 3rd degree hypospadias and maternal exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) using data from a large case-control study in the United States. Concentration estimates for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), the sum of the five mo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766973/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33371304 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249564 |
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author | Zaganjor, Ibrahim Luben, Thomas J. Desrosiers, Tania A. Keil, Alexander P. Engel, Lawrence S. Michalski, Adrian M. Carmichael, Suzan L. Nembhard, Wendy N. Shaw, Gary M. Reefhuis, Jennita Yazdy, Mahsa M. Langlois, Peter H. Feldkamp, Marcia L. Romitti, Paul A. Olshan, Andrew F. |
author_facet | Zaganjor, Ibrahim Luben, Thomas J. Desrosiers, Tania A. Keil, Alexander P. Engel, Lawrence S. Michalski, Adrian M. Carmichael, Suzan L. Nembhard, Wendy N. Shaw, Gary M. Reefhuis, Jennita Yazdy, Mahsa M. Langlois, Peter H. Feldkamp, Marcia L. Romitti, Paul A. Olshan, Andrew F. |
author_sort | Zaganjor, Ibrahim |
collection | PubMed |
description | The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between 2nd and 3rd degree hypospadias and maternal exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) using data from a large case-control study in the United States. Concentration estimates for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), the sum of the five most prevalent haloacetic acids (HAA5), and individual species of each were integrated with data on maternal behaviors related to water-use from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) to create three different exposure metrics: (1) household DBP concentrations; (2) estimates of DBP ingestion; (3) predicted uptake (i.e., internal dose) of trihalomethanes (THMs) via ingestion, showering, and bathing. The distribution of DBP exposure was categorized as follows: (Q1/referent) < 50%; (Q2) ≥ 50% to < 75%; and (Q3) ≥ 75%. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Generally, null associations were observed with increasing TTHM or HAA5 exposure. An increased risk was observed among women with household bromodichloromethane levels in the second quantile (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7); however, this association did not persist after the inclusion of individual-level water-use data. Findings from the present study do not support the hypothesis that maternal DBP exposures are related to the occurrence of hypospadias. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7766973 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77669732020-12-28 Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005) Zaganjor, Ibrahim Luben, Thomas J. Desrosiers, Tania A. Keil, Alexander P. Engel, Lawrence S. Michalski, Adrian M. Carmichael, Suzan L. Nembhard, Wendy N. Shaw, Gary M. Reefhuis, Jennita Yazdy, Mahsa M. Langlois, Peter H. Feldkamp, Marcia L. Romitti, Paul A. Olshan, Andrew F. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The purpose of this study was to estimate the association between 2nd and 3rd degree hypospadias and maternal exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) using data from a large case-control study in the United States. Concentration estimates for total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), the sum of the five most prevalent haloacetic acids (HAA5), and individual species of each were integrated with data on maternal behaviors related to water-use from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) to create three different exposure metrics: (1) household DBP concentrations; (2) estimates of DBP ingestion; (3) predicted uptake (i.e., internal dose) of trihalomethanes (THMs) via ingestion, showering, and bathing. The distribution of DBP exposure was categorized as follows: (Q1/referent) < 50%; (Q2) ≥ 50% to < 75%; and (Q3) ≥ 75%. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Generally, null associations were observed with increasing TTHM or HAA5 exposure. An increased risk was observed among women with household bromodichloromethane levels in the second quantile (aOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.7); however, this association did not persist after the inclusion of individual-level water-use data. Findings from the present study do not support the hypothesis that maternal DBP exposures are related to the occurrence of hypospadias. MDPI 2020-12-21 2020-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7766973/ /pubmed/33371304 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249564 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zaganjor, Ibrahim Luben, Thomas J. Desrosiers, Tania A. Keil, Alexander P. Engel, Lawrence S. Michalski, Adrian M. Carmichael, Suzan L. Nembhard, Wendy N. Shaw, Gary M. Reefhuis, Jennita Yazdy, Mahsa M. Langlois, Peter H. Feldkamp, Marcia L. Romitti, Paul A. Olshan, Andrew F. Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005) |
title | Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005) |
title_full | Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005) |
title_fullStr | Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005) |
title_full_unstemmed | Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005) |
title_short | Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000–2005) |
title_sort | maternal exposure to disinfection by-products and risk of hypospadias in the national birth defects prevention study (2000–2005) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7766973/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33371304 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249564 |
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