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Structural Studies of the Cutin from Two Apple Varieties: Golden Delicious and Red Delicious (Malus domestica)
The cuticle, a protective cuticular barrier present in almost all primary aerial plant organs, has a composition that varies between plant species. As a part of the apple peel, cuticle and epicuticular waxes have an important role in the skin appearance and quality characteristic in fresh fruits des...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7767305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33339233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245955 |
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author | Arrieta-Baez, Daniel Perea Flores, María de Jesús Méndez-Méndez, Juan Vicente Mendoza León, Héctor Francisco Gómez-Patiño, Mayra Beatriz |
author_facet | Arrieta-Baez, Daniel Perea Flores, María de Jesús Méndez-Méndez, Juan Vicente Mendoza León, Héctor Francisco Gómez-Patiño, Mayra Beatriz |
author_sort | Arrieta-Baez, Daniel |
collection | PubMed |
description | The cuticle, a protective cuticular barrier present in almost all primary aerial plant organs, has a composition that varies between plant species. As a part of the apple peel, cuticle and epicuticular waxes have an important role in the skin appearance and quality characteristic in fresh fruits destined for human consumption. The specific composition and structural characteristics of cutin from two apple varieties, “golden delicious” and “red delicious”, were obtained by enzymatic protocols and studied by means of cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS (13)C NMR), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and mass spectrometry, and were morphologically characterized by specialized microscopy techniques (atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLMS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)). According to CP-MAS (13)C NMR and ATR-FTIR analysis, cutins from both varieties are mainly composed of aliphatics and a small difference is shown between them. This was corroborated from the hydrolyzed cutins analysis by mass spectrometry, where 9,10,18-trihydroxy-octadecanoic acid; 10,20-Dihydroxy-icosanoic acid; 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecenoic acid (10,16-DHPA); 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid; and 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid were the main monomers isolated. The low presence of polysaccharides and phenolics in the cutins obtained could be related to the low elastic behavior of this biocomposite and the presence of cracks in the apple cutin’s surface. These cracks have an average depth of 1.57 µm ± 0.57 in the golden apple, and 1.77 µm ± 0.64 in those found in the red apple. The results obtained in this work may facilitate a better understanding that mechanical properties of the apple fruit skin are mainly related to the specific aliphatic composition of cutin and help to much better investigate the formation of microcracks, an important symptom of russet formation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7767305 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77673052020-12-28 Structural Studies of the Cutin from Two Apple Varieties: Golden Delicious and Red Delicious (Malus domestica) Arrieta-Baez, Daniel Perea Flores, María de Jesús Méndez-Méndez, Juan Vicente Mendoza León, Héctor Francisco Gómez-Patiño, Mayra Beatriz Molecules Article The cuticle, a protective cuticular barrier present in almost all primary aerial plant organs, has a composition that varies between plant species. As a part of the apple peel, cuticle and epicuticular waxes have an important role in the skin appearance and quality characteristic in fresh fruits destined for human consumption. The specific composition and structural characteristics of cutin from two apple varieties, “golden delicious” and “red delicious”, were obtained by enzymatic protocols and studied by means of cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP-MAS (13)C NMR), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and mass spectrometry, and were morphologically characterized by specialized microscopy techniques (atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLMS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)). According to CP-MAS (13)C NMR and ATR-FTIR analysis, cutins from both varieties are mainly composed of aliphatics and a small difference is shown between them. This was corroborated from the hydrolyzed cutins analysis by mass spectrometry, where 9,10,18-trihydroxy-octadecanoic acid; 10,20-Dihydroxy-icosanoic acid; 10,16-dihydroxy hexadecenoic acid (10,16-DHPA); 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid; and 9,10-epoxy-18-hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid were the main monomers isolated. The low presence of polysaccharides and phenolics in the cutins obtained could be related to the low elastic behavior of this biocomposite and the presence of cracks in the apple cutin’s surface. These cracks have an average depth of 1.57 µm ± 0.57 in the golden apple, and 1.77 µm ± 0.64 in those found in the red apple. The results obtained in this work may facilitate a better understanding that mechanical properties of the apple fruit skin are mainly related to the specific aliphatic composition of cutin and help to much better investigate the formation of microcracks, an important symptom of russet formation. MDPI 2020-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7767305/ /pubmed/33339233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245955 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Arrieta-Baez, Daniel Perea Flores, María de Jesús Méndez-Méndez, Juan Vicente Mendoza León, Héctor Francisco Gómez-Patiño, Mayra Beatriz Structural Studies of the Cutin from Two Apple Varieties: Golden Delicious and Red Delicious (Malus domestica) |
title | Structural Studies of the Cutin from Two Apple Varieties: Golden Delicious and Red Delicious (Malus domestica) |
title_full | Structural Studies of the Cutin from Two Apple Varieties: Golden Delicious and Red Delicious (Malus domestica) |
title_fullStr | Structural Studies of the Cutin from Two Apple Varieties: Golden Delicious and Red Delicious (Malus domestica) |
title_full_unstemmed | Structural Studies of the Cutin from Two Apple Varieties: Golden Delicious and Red Delicious (Malus domestica) |
title_short | Structural Studies of the Cutin from Two Apple Varieties: Golden Delicious and Red Delicious (Malus domestica) |
title_sort | structural studies of the cutin from two apple varieties: golden delicious and red delicious (malus domestica) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7767305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33339233 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245955 |
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