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Speed Overestimation of the Moving Away Object in the Intentional Reaction Causal Effect
We describe a new illusory speed effect arising in visual events developed by Michotte (1946/1963) in studies of causal perception and, more specifically, within the so-called intentional reaction effect: When an Object B is seen intentionally escaping from another Object A, its perceived speed is o...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7768325/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33489073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669520980019 |
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author | Parovel, Giulia Guidi, Stefano |
author_facet | Parovel, Giulia Guidi, Stefano |
author_sort | Parovel, Giulia |
collection | PubMed |
description | We describe a new illusory speed effect arising in visual events developed by Michotte (1946/1963) in studies of causal perception and, more specifically, within the so-called intentional reaction effect: When an Object B is seen intentionally escaping from another Object A, its perceived speed is overestimated. In Experiment 1, we used two-alternative forced choice comparisons to estimate perceived speed scale values for a small square moving either alone or in different contexts known to elicit different impressions of animacy (Parovel et al., 2018). The results showed that B’s speed was overestimated only in the condition in which it moved away from another approaching square moving in a nonrigid way, like a caterpillar. In Experiment 2, we psychophysically measured the magnitude of speed overestimation in that condition and tested whether it could be affected by further animacy cues related to the escaping object (the actual velocity of the square) and to the approaching square (its type of motion: caterpillar or linear). Results confirmed that B’s speed was overestimated up to 10% and that the degree of overestimation was affected by both experimental factors, being greater at higher speeds and when the chasing object moved in an animate fashion. This speed bias might be related to a higher sensitivity of the visual processes to threat-related events such as fighting and chasing, leading to evolutionary adaptive behaviours such as speedy flight from predators, but also empathy and emotion understanding. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7768325 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77683252021-01-21 Speed Overestimation of the Moving Away Object in the Intentional Reaction Causal Effect Parovel, Giulia Guidi, Stefano Iperception Article We describe a new illusory speed effect arising in visual events developed by Michotte (1946/1963) in studies of causal perception and, more specifically, within the so-called intentional reaction effect: When an Object B is seen intentionally escaping from another Object A, its perceived speed is overestimated. In Experiment 1, we used two-alternative forced choice comparisons to estimate perceived speed scale values for a small square moving either alone or in different contexts known to elicit different impressions of animacy (Parovel et al., 2018). The results showed that B’s speed was overestimated only in the condition in which it moved away from another approaching square moving in a nonrigid way, like a caterpillar. In Experiment 2, we psychophysically measured the magnitude of speed overestimation in that condition and tested whether it could be affected by further animacy cues related to the escaping object (the actual velocity of the square) and to the approaching square (its type of motion: caterpillar or linear). Results confirmed that B’s speed was overestimated up to 10% and that the degree of overestimation was affected by both experimental factors, being greater at higher speeds and when the chasing object moved in an animate fashion. This speed bias might be related to a higher sensitivity of the visual processes to threat-related events such as fighting and chasing, leading to evolutionary adaptive behaviours such as speedy flight from predators, but also empathy and emotion understanding. SAGE Publications 2020-12-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7768325/ /pubmed/33489073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669520980019 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons CC BY: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Article Parovel, Giulia Guidi, Stefano Speed Overestimation of the Moving Away Object in the Intentional Reaction Causal Effect |
title | Speed Overestimation of the Moving Away Object in the Intentional Reaction Causal Effect |
title_full | Speed Overestimation of the Moving Away Object in the Intentional Reaction Causal Effect |
title_fullStr | Speed Overestimation of the Moving Away Object in the Intentional Reaction Causal Effect |
title_full_unstemmed | Speed Overestimation of the Moving Away Object in the Intentional Reaction Causal Effect |
title_short | Speed Overestimation of the Moving Away Object in the Intentional Reaction Causal Effect |
title_sort | speed overestimation of the moving away object in the intentional reaction causal effect |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7768325/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33489073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669520980019 |
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