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Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment?
The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions ta...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7768353/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33322739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040118 |
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author | Araújo, Cristiano V. M. Laissaoui, Abdelmourhit Silva, Daniel C. V. R. Ramos-Rodríguez, Eloisa González-Ortegón, Enrique Espíndola, Evaldo L. G. Baldó, Francisco Mena, Freylan Parra, Gema Blasco, Julián López-Doval, Julio Sendra, Marta Banni, Mohamed Islam, Mohammed Ariful Moreno-Garrido, Ignacio |
author_facet | Araújo, Cristiano V. M. Laissaoui, Abdelmourhit Silva, Daniel C. V. R. Ramos-Rodríguez, Eloisa González-Ortegón, Enrique Espíndola, Evaldo L. G. Baldó, Francisco Mena, Freylan Parra, Gema Blasco, Julián López-Doval, Julio Sendra, Marta Banni, Mohamed Islam, Mohammed Ariful Moreno-Garrido, Ignacio |
author_sort | Araújo, Cristiano V. M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions taken by organisms are, to some extent, chemically driven. Accordingly, chemical contamination might interfere in the way organisms behave and interact with the environment. Just as any environmental factor, contamination can make a habitat less attractive or even unsuitable to accommodate life, conditioning to some degree the decision of organisms to stay in, or move from, an ecosystem. If we consider that contamination is not always spatially homogeneous and that many organisms can avoid it, the ability of contaminants to repel organisms should also be of concern. Thus, in this critical review, we have discussed the dual role of contamination: toxicity (disruption of the physiological and behavioral homeostasis) vs. repellency (contamination-driven changes in spatial distribution/habitat selection). The discussion is centered on methodologies (forced exposure against non-forced multi-compartmented exposure systems) and conceptual improvements (individual stress due to the toxic effects caused by a continuous exposure against contamination-driven spatial distribution). Finally, we propose an approach in which Stress and Landscape Ecology could be integrated with each other to improve our understanding of the threat contaminants represent to aquatic ecosystems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7768353 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77683532020-12-29 Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? Araújo, Cristiano V. M. Laissaoui, Abdelmourhit Silva, Daniel C. V. R. Ramos-Rodríguez, Eloisa González-Ortegón, Enrique Espíndola, Evaldo L. G. Baldó, Francisco Mena, Freylan Parra, Gema Blasco, Julián López-Doval, Julio Sendra, Marta Banni, Mohamed Islam, Mohammed Ariful Moreno-Garrido, Ignacio Toxics Review The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions taken by organisms are, to some extent, chemically driven. Accordingly, chemical contamination might interfere in the way organisms behave and interact with the environment. Just as any environmental factor, contamination can make a habitat less attractive or even unsuitable to accommodate life, conditioning to some degree the decision of organisms to stay in, or move from, an ecosystem. If we consider that contamination is not always spatially homogeneous and that many organisms can avoid it, the ability of contaminants to repel organisms should also be of concern. Thus, in this critical review, we have discussed the dual role of contamination: toxicity (disruption of the physiological and behavioral homeostasis) vs. repellency (contamination-driven changes in spatial distribution/habitat selection). The discussion is centered on methodologies (forced exposure against non-forced multi-compartmented exposure systems) and conceptual improvements (individual stress due to the toxic effects caused by a continuous exposure against contamination-driven spatial distribution). Finally, we propose an approach in which Stress and Landscape Ecology could be integrated with each other to improve our understanding of the threat contaminants represent to aquatic ecosystems. MDPI 2020-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7768353/ /pubmed/33322739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040118 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Araújo, Cristiano V. M. Laissaoui, Abdelmourhit Silva, Daniel C. V. R. Ramos-Rodríguez, Eloisa González-Ortegón, Enrique Espíndola, Evaldo L. G. Baldó, Francisco Mena, Freylan Parra, Gema Blasco, Julián López-Doval, Julio Sendra, Marta Banni, Mohamed Islam, Mohammed Ariful Moreno-Garrido, Ignacio Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? |
title | Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? |
title_full | Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? |
title_fullStr | Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? |
title_full_unstemmed | Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? |
title_short | Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? |
title_sort | not only toxic but repellent: what can organisms’ responses tell us about contamination and what are the ecological consequences when they flee from an environment? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7768353/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33322739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics8040118 |
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