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Therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in breast cancer and delivery potential of gold nanomaterials
Globally, approximately 1 in 4 cancers in women are diagnosed as breast cancer (BC). Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and therapy BCs, many patients develop metastases or relapses. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies are required, that can selectively and efficiently kill malignant cell...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7768851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33488814 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1849543520983196 |
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author | Padayachee, Jananee Singh, Moganavelli |
author_facet | Padayachee, Jananee Singh, Moganavelli |
author_sort | Padayachee, Jananee |
collection | PubMed |
description | Globally, approximately 1 in 4 cancers in women are diagnosed as breast cancer (BC). Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and therapy BCs, many patients develop metastases or relapses. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies are required, that can selectively and efficiently kill malignant cells. Direct targeting of the genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in BC development is a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of current therapies, which target the tumour phenotype. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system, composed of only an easily modifiable single guide RNA (sgRNA) sequence bound to a Cas9 nuclease, has revolutionised genome editing due to its simplicity and efficiency compared to earlier systems. CRISPR/Cas9 and its associated catalytically inactivated dCas9 variants facilitate the knockout of overexpressed genes, correction of mutations in inactivated genes, and reprogramming of the epigenetic landscape to impair BC growth. To achieve efficient genome editing in vivo, a vector is required to deliver the components to target cells. Gold nanomaterials, including gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters, display many advantageous characteristics that have facilitated their widespread use in theranostics, as delivery vehicles, and imaging and photothermal agents. This review highlights the therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in treating BCs, and briefly describes gold nanomaterials and their potential in CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7768851 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77688512021-01-21 Therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in breast cancer and delivery potential of gold nanomaterials Padayachee, Jananee Singh, Moganavelli Nanobiomedicine (Rij) Invited Review Article Globally, approximately 1 in 4 cancers in women are diagnosed as breast cancer (BC). Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and therapy BCs, many patients develop metastases or relapses. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies are required, that can selectively and efficiently kill malignant cells. Direct targeting of the genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in BC development is a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of current therapies, which target the tumour phenotype. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system, composed of only an easily modifiable single guide RNA (sgRNA) sequence bound to a Cas9 nuclease, has revolutionised genome editing due to its simplicity and efficiency compared to earlier systems. CRISPR/Cas9 and its associated catalytically inactivated dCas9 variants facilitate the knockout of overexpressed genes, correction of mutations in inactivated genes, and reprogramming of the epigenetic landscape to impair BC growth. To achieve efficient genome editing in vivo, a vector is required to deliver the components to target cells. Gold nanomaterials, including gold nanoparticles and nanoclusters, display many advantageous characteristics that have facilitated their widespread use in theranostics, as delivery vehicles, and imaging and photothermal agents. This review highlights the therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in treating BCs, and briefly describes gold nanomaterials and their potential in CRISPR/Cas9 delivery. SAGE Publications 2020-12-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7768851/ /pubmed/33488814 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1849543520983196 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Invited Review Article Padayachee, Jananee Singh, Moganavelli Therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in breast cancer and delivery potential of gold nanomaterials |
title | Therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in breast cancer and delivery potential of gold nanomaterials |
title_full | Therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in breast cancer and delivery potential of gold nanomaterials |
title_fullStr | Therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in breast cancer and delivery potential of gold nanomaterials |
title_full_unstemmed | Therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in breast cancer and delivery potential of gold nanomaterials |
title_short | Therapeutic applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in breast cancer and delivery potential of gold nanomaterials |
title_sort | therapeutic applications of crispr/cas9 in breast cancer and delivery potential of gold nanomaterials |
topic | Invited Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7768851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33488814 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1849543520983196 |
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