Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8724 towards Streptococcus mutans- and Candida albicans-Induced Caries in Rats

Streptococcus mutans is a recognized cariogenic bacterium and a major producer of biofilm matrix. The presence of Candida albicans in dental plaque with S. mutans enhances the virulence leading to the onset of rampant caries which is similar to early childhood caries (ECC). The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8724 (CCFM8724) on the treatment and prevention of dental caries induced by S. mutans and C. albicans in vivo. Rats were divided into 6 groups: the control group and model group, 2 treatment groups, and 2 prevention groups (0.02% chlorhexidine or CCFM8724). The fluctuation of microbial colonization and the change of bacteria flora in rat oral cavity after sowing of L. plantarum CCFM8724 were investigated by colony-forming units (CFU) and microflora analysis. The caries of rats were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and Keyes scoring method. The results showed that L. plantarum CCFM8724 in both the treatment and prevention groups could significantly decrease the population of S. mutans and C. albicans in the rats' oral cavity (p < 0.001), the mineral loss of enamel (p < 0.05), and the scores of caries (p < 0.05). Besides, L. plantarum CCFM8724 exhibited better effects than chlorhexidine. Hence, L. plantarum CCFM8724 was proved to be a potential oral probiotic on caries treatment and prevention in vivo and it may have the prospect of application in dental caries (especially ECC) prevention products.