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The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse
During racing, injury is more likely to occur on a bend than on a straight segment of track. This study aimed to quantify the effects of galloping at training speeds on large radius curves on stride parameters and limb lean angle in order to assess estimated consequences for limb loading. Seven Thor...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7771664/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33373408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244105 |
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author | Parkes, Rebecca S. V. Pfau, Thilo Weller, Renate Witte, Thomas H. |
author_facet | Parkes, Rebecca S. V. Pfau, Thilo Weller, Renate Witte, Thomas H. |
author_sort | Parkes, Rebecca S. V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | During racing, injury is more likely to occur on a bend than on a straight segment of track. This study aimed to quantify the effects of galloping at training speeds on large radius curves on stride parameters and limb lean angle in order to assess estimated consequences for limb loading. Seven Thoroughbred horses were equipped with a sacrum-mounted inertial measurement unit with an integrated GPS, two hoof-mounted accelerometers and retro-reflective markers on the forelimbs. Horses galloped 2–4 circuits anticlockwise around an oval track and were filmed at 120 frames per second using an array of ten cameras. Speed and curve radius were derived from GPS data and used to estimate the centripetal acceleration necessary to navigate the curve. Stride, stance and swing durations and duty factor (DF) were derived from accelerometer data. Limb markers were tracked and whole limb and third metacarpus (MCIII) angles were calculated. Data were analysed using mixed effects models with a significance level of p < 0.05. For horses galloping on the correct lead, DF was higher for the inside (lead) leg on the straight and on the curve. For horses galloping on the incorrect lead, there was no difference in DF between inside and outside legs on the straight or on the curve. DF decreased by 0.61% of DF with each 1 m s(-2) increase in centripetal acceleration (p < 0.001). Whole limb inclination angle increased by 1.5° per 1 m s(-1) increase in speed (p = 0.002). Limb lean angles increase as predicted, and lead limb function mirrors the functional requirements for curve running. A more comprehensive understanding of the effects of lean and torque on the distal limb is required to understand injury mechanisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7771664 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-77716642021-01-08 The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse Parkes, Rebecca S. V. Pfau, Thilo Weller, Renate Witte, Thomas H. PLoS One Research Article During racing, injury is more likely to occur on a bend than on a straight segment of track. This study aimed to quantify the effects of galloping at training speeds on large radius curves on stride parameters and limb lean angle in order to assess estimated consequences for limb loading. Seven Thoroughbred horses were equipped with a sacrum-mounted inertial measurement unit with an integrated GPS, two hoof-mounted accelerometers and retro-reflective markers on the forelimbs. Horses galloped 2–4 circuits anticlockwise around an oval track and were filmed at 120 frames per second using an array of ten cameras. Speed and curve radius were derived from GPS data and used to estimate the centripetal acceleration necessary to navigate the curve. Stride, stance and swing durations and duty factor (DF) were derived from accelerometer data. Limb markers were tracked and whole limb and third metacarpus (MCIII) angles were calculated. Data were analysed using mixed effects models with a significance level of p < 0.05. For horses galloping on the correct lead, DF was higher for the inside (lead) leg on the straight and on the curve. For horses galloping on the incorrect lead, there was no difference in DF between inside and outside legs on the straight or on the curve. DF decreased by 0.61% of DF with each 1 m s(-2) increase in centripetal acceleration (p < 0.001). Whole limb inclination angle increased by 1.5° per 1 m s(-1) increase in speed (p = 0.002). Limb lean angles increase as predicted, and lead limb function mirrors the functional requirements for curve running. A more comprehensive understanding of the effects of lean and torque on the distal limb is required to understand injury mechanisms. Public Library of Science 2020-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7771664/ /pubmed/33373408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244105 Text en © 2020 Parkes et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Parkes, Rebecca S. V. Pfau, Thilo Weller, Renate Witte, Thomas H. The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse |
title | The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse |
title_full | The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse |
title_fullStr | The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse |
title_full_unstemmed | The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse |
title_short | The effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the Thoroughbred racehorse |
title_sort | effect of curve running on distal limb kinematics in the thoroughbred racehorse |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7771664/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33373408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244105 |
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